E & R Dicots_Q

Iowa's native and naturalized dicots.

The following information is sorted in ascending order alphabetically by "Family".

The following Ranunculaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]

Author
[Eilers & Roosa]

Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]

Common
Name

Family
[FNA]

Scientific
Name
[FNA]

Author
[FNA]

Subspecific
Category
[FNA]

Habitat

Abundance & Distribution

Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied

US
Native?

IA
Native?

Special
Notes

Ranunculaceae

Aquilegia vulgaris

E&R does not include this plant in Iowa.

Ranunculaceae

Ranunculus hispidus

Michx.

FNA includes 2 varieties in Iowa: var.caricetorum (Greene) T. Duncan & var. nitidus (Chapman) T. Duncan. In FNA Ranunculus hispidus var. nitidus = R. septentrionalis var. pterocarpus L. D. Benson.

Aconitum noveboracense

Gray

Northern wild monkshood

Ranunculaceae

Aconitum columbianum

Nutt.

ssp. columbianum

Moist limestone or sandstone cliffs. Algific talus slopes.

Rare in C [Hardin County], NE [Allamakee, Clayton, Delaware, & Dubuque Counties], & EC [Jackson County].

NE, EC, C

Yes

FNA: Iowa plants are "relict populations that have persisted locally since the last glacial period." They "have been treated as a species ( Aconitum noveboracense , which has had U.S. federal conservation status), or as a subspecies of A . uncinatum .

Actaea pachypoda

Ell.

White baneberry

Ranunculaceae

Actaea pachypoda

Ell.

Upland woods. Wooded slopes.

Frequent to common in E 1/2 & in C. Rare in SW.

NE, NC, EC, C, SE, SC, SW

Yes

Actaea rubra

(Aiton) Willd.

Red baneberry

Ranunculaceae

Actaea rubra

(Aiton) Willd.

Upland woods. Wooded slopes.

Rare in SE & SC. Frequent to common elsewhere.

All

Yes

Anemone canadensis

Canada anemone

Ranunculaceae

Anemone canadensis

Moist prairies. Roadsides. Alluvium.

Frequent in extreme E & in SC. Common elsewhere.

All

Yes

Anemone caroliniana

Walter

Carolina anemone

Ranunculaceae

Anemone caroliniana

Walter

Dry, usually sandy, open places.

Frequent in Des Moines lobe. Infrequent to rare elsewhere.

All

Yes

Anemone cylindrica

Gray

Windflower, thimbleweed

Ranunculaceae

Anemone cylindrica

Gray

Prairie remnants. Dry, sandy soil. Loess bluffs.

Common in NW 1/2. Infrequent to rare elsewhere.

All

Yes

Anemone quinquefolia

Wood anemone

Ranunculaceae

Anemone quinquefolia

var. quinquefolia

Open, upland woods. Wooded slopes.

Common in NE & in Paleozoic Plateau. Infrequent in extreme E & C. Rare in SE & SC.

NE, EC, C, SE, SC

Yes

E&R lists 2 vars: var. quinquefolia & var. interior Fern. See FNA [3:152] for a discussion of the legitimacy of Anemone quinquefolia var. interior Fernald.

Anemone virginiana

Tall anemone

Ranunculaceae

Anemone virginiana

var. virginiana

Wooded slopes. Woodland openings. Woodland edges. Prairie remnants.

Frequent in SC. Infrequent in NW. Common elsewhere.

All

Yes

Aquilegia canadensis

Columbine

Ranunculaceae

Aquilegia canadensis

Moist, wooded slopes, often on rocky or sandy soil. Limestone & sandstone outcrops.

Frequent in SC & SW. Common elsewhere.

All

Yes

E&R includes 2 varieties: var. canadensis & var. coccinea (Small) Munz

Caltha palustris

Marsh marigold

Ranunculaceae

Caltha palustris

Marshes. Springs. Seeps. Fens.

Frequent in NC & in NE 1/4. Rare in NW, SE, & SW.

NE, NC, NW, EC, C, SE, SW

Yes

Cimicifuga racemosa

(L.) Nutt.

Bugbane

Ranunculaceae

Cimicifuga racemosa

(L.) Nutt.

Lowland woods. Wooded slopes.

Rare in WC [Woodbury County (1938)].

Yes

FNA does not include this plant in Iowa.

Clematis occidentalis

(Hornem.) DC.

Ranunculaceae

Clematis occidentalis

(Hornem.) DC.

var. occidentalis

Steep, rocky, north-facing or east-facing talus slopes. Algific slopes.

Rare in NE [Allamakee, Clayton, Dubuque, & Winneshiek Counties].

Yes

Clematis pitcheri

T&G

Leather flower

Ranunculaceae

Clematis pitcheri

T&G

var. pitcheri

Openings in woods. Sandy alluvium. Occasionally on prairies.

Common in SE. Frequent in SC. Infrequent to rare elsewhere.

All

Yes

Clematis virginiana

Virgin's bower

Ranunculaceae

Clematis virginiana

Disturbed, open, alluvial woods.

Frequent to common in N 1/2. Infrequent in S 1/2.

All

Yes

Consolida ambigua

(L.) Ball & Heywood

Ranunculaceae

Consolida ajacis

(L.) Schur

Disturbed ground. Exposed soil. Roadsides.

Rare escapee from cultivation in S.

SE, SC, SW

FNA: "In many floras the names Consolida ambigua (Linnaeus) Ball & Heywood and Delphinium ambiguum Linnaeus have been misapplied to this taxon."

Delphinium carolinianum

Walter

Ranunculaceae

Delphinium carolinianum

Walter

ssp. carolinianum

Often sandy, dry soil.

Rare in C [Poweshiek County], SE [Lee County], & SC [Mahaska County].

C, SE, SC

Yes

FNA [3:220-222] includes 2 subspecies in Iowa: ssp. carolinianum & ssp. virescens (Nutt.) R. E. Brooks. In E&R the latter ssp. is designated Delphinium virescens Nutt..

Delphinium tricorne

Michx.

Dwarf larkspur

Ranunculaceae

Delphinium tricorne

Michx.

Wooded slopes. Banks. Bluffs.

Infrequent to rare in S 1/2.

EC, C, WC, SE, SC, SW

Yes

Delphinium virescens

Nutt.

Prairie larkspur

Ranunculaceae

Delphinium carolinianum

Walter

ssp. virescens (Nutt.) R. E. Brooks

Dry, upland prairies.

Infrequent in SC. Rare in SE. Frequent to common elsewhere.

All

Yes

E&R include 2 varieties: var. virescens & var. penardii (Huth.) Perry. See Delphinium carolinianum.

Hepatica nobilis

P. Miller

var. acuta (Pursh) Steyerm.

Liverleaf

Ranunculaceae

Anemone acutiloba

(DC) G. Lawson

Wooded, rocky hillsides.

Common in E & in NC. Frequent in SC. Rare in NW.

NE, NC, NW, EC, SE, SC

Yes

Hepatica nobilis

P. Miller

var. obtusa (Pursh) Steyerm.

Round-lobed liverleaf

Ranunculaceae

Anemone americana

(DC) H. Hara

Sandy, wooded ravines.

Rare in NE [Allamakee County] & in SE [Henry County (1942)].

NE, SE

Yes

Hydrastis canadensis

Golden seal

Ranunculaceae

Hydrastis canadensis

Moist, loamy, wooded slopes.

Rare in NE & in EC.

NE, EC

Yes

Isopyrum biternatum

(Raf.) T&G

False rue anemone

Ranunculaceae

Enemion biternatum

Raf.

Moist, wooded slopes. Low woods. Alluvial flats.

Frequent to common in C & NE. Infrequent to rare elsewhere.

All

Yes

Myosurus minimus

Mousetail

Ranunculaceae

Myosurus minimus

Sandy shores of rivers, ponds, or lakes.

Infrequent in EC & S.

EC, SE, SC, SW

Yes

Pulsatilla patens

(L.) P. Miller

ssp. multifida (Pritz.) Zamels

Pasque flower

Ranunculaceae

Anemone patens

var. multifida Pritzel

Dry, sandy or gravelly prairie knolls. Hillsides. Loess bluffs.

Common in NW. Infrequent in Iowan Surface. Rare in Paleozoic Plateau.

NE, NC, NW, EC, C,

Yes

Ranunculus abortivus

Small-flowered crowfoot

Ranunculaceae

Ranunculus abortivus

Moist woods. Moist, open places.

Common throughout.

All

Yes

Ranunculus acris

Ranunculaceae

Ranunculus acris

Sparsely wooded or rocky pastures. Moist woods.

Rare throughout.

All

Ranunculus aquatilis

var. capillaceus (Thuill.) DC

Ranunculaceae

Ranunculus aquatilis

var. diffusus Withering

Spring-fed streams.

Frequent in Paleozoic Plateau.

NE, EC

Yes

Ranunculus circinatus

Sibth.

var. subrigidius (Drew) Benson

Ranunculaceae

Ranunculus aquatilis

var. diffusus Withering

Shallow, standing water.

Rare in NW [Clay (1936) & Lyon (1899) Counties].

Yes

From FNA [volume 3, p. 132]: "The Eurasian species Ranunculus circinatus Sibthorp has been reported from North America. These reports are based on specimens of R. aquatilis var. diffusus."

Ranunculus cymbalaria

Pursh

Seaside crowfoot

Ranunculaceae

Ranunculus cymbalaria

Pursh

Muddy shores. Marsh edges.

Frequent in NC & in lakes area. Infrequent to rare in rest of W 1/2 of the state.

NC, NW, C, WC, SC, SW

Yes

Ranunculus fascicularis

Muhl.

Early buttercup

Ranunculaceae

Ranunculus fascicularis

Muhl. ex Bigelow

Prairies openings. Open, sandy places.

Common in EC. Frequent in NE. Rare in C & in SE.

NE, EC, C, SE

Yes

E&R include 2 varieties: var. fascicularis & var. apricus (Greene) Fern.

Ranunculus flabellaris

Raf.

Yellow water crowfoot

Ranunculaceae

Ranunculus flabellaris

Raf.

Muddy shores & shallow water of marshes.

Common in lakes area. Infrequent in C & in extreme E. Rare in SC.

NE, NW, EC, C, SE, SC

Yes

Ranunculus gmelinii

DC.

var. hookeri (D. Don) Benson

Ranunculaceae

Ranunculus gmelinii

DC.

Shallow, standing water.

Rare in NW [Dickinson County (1950)].

Yes

Ranunculus longirostris

Godron

White water crowfoot

Ranunculaceae

Ranunculus longirostris

Godron

Lakes, ponds, streams.

Common in lakes area. Infrequent in C, E, & in Paleozoic Plateau. Rare elsewhere.

All

Yes

Ranunculus pensylvanicus

L. f.

Bristly crowfoot

Ranunculaceae

Ranunculus pensylvanicus

L. f.

Marshes. Lake margins.

Common in lakes area. Infrequent in NC & in NE. Rare in S 1/2 of the state.

All

Yes

Ranunculus recurvatus

Poiret

Hooked buttercup

Ranunculaceae

Ranunculus recurvatus

Poiret

var. recurvatus

Moist, wooded slopes. Upland woods.

Infrequent in extreme E. Not reported from NW. Rare elsewhere.

NE, NC, EC, C, WC, SE, SC, SW

Yes

Ranunculus repens

Creeping buttercup

Ranunculaceae

Ranunculus repens

Wet ditches. Meadows.

Rare in C [Tama Coutny], EC [Johnson (1909) & Scott Counties], & SE [Des Moines County].

EC, C, SE

Ranunculus rhomboideus

Goldie

Prairie buttercup

Ranunculaceae

Ranunculus rhomboideus

Goldie

Dry, open soil. Prairies.

Infrequent to rare in N.

NE, NC, NW

Yes

Ranunculus sceleratus

Cursed crowfoot

Ranunculaceae

Ranunculus sceleratus

Sandy lowlands. Pond margins.

Frequent in lakes area. Infrequent to rare elsewhere.

All

Yes

FNA includes 2 varieties from Iowa: var. sceleratus & var. multifidus Nutt.

Ranunculus septentrionalis

Poiret

Swamp buttercup

Ranunculaceae

Ranunculus hispidus

Michx.

Low, moist woods.

Rare in NW. Frequent to common elsewhere.

All

Yes

FNA [3:103] lists Ranunculus hispidus var. nitidus (Chapman) Duncan as the appropriate name for R. septentrionalis var. pterocarpus L. D. Benson & R. hispidus var. caricetorum (Greene) T. Duncan is the correct name for R. septentrionalis Poiret var. caricetorum (Greene) Fernald

Ranunculus testiculatus

Crantz

Ranunculaceae

Ranunculus testiculatus

Crantz

Campgrounds.

Rare in EC [Johnson County] & in SW [Cass County].

EC, SW

Thalictrum dasycarpum

Fischer & Ave-Lall.

Purple meadow-rue

Ranunculaceae

Thalictrum dasycarpum

Fischer & Ave-Lall.

Moist prairie remnants. Roadside ditches. Open woods. Moist alluvium.

Common throughout the state.

All

Yes

Thalictrum dioicum

Early meadow-rue

Ranunculaceae

Thalictrum dioicum

Moist woods.

Frequent to common in N 1/2. Rare in Paleozoic Plateau & in SC.

NE, NC, NW, EC, C, WC, SC

Yes

Thalictrum revolutum

DC.

Waxy meadow-rue

Ranunculaceae

Thalictrum revolutum

DC.

Prairies. Open woods.

Rare in EC [Johnson (1913) & Scott Counties] & in SE [Des Moines & Lee Counties].

EC, SE

Yes

Thalictrum thalictroides

(L.) Eames & Boivin

Rue anemone

Ranunculaceae

Thalictrum thalictroides

(L.) Eames & Boivin

Moist, wooded slopes.

Frequent to common throughout the state.

All

Yes

The following Resedaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]

Author
[Eilers & Roosa]

Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]

Common
Name

Family
[FNA]

Scientific
Name
[FNA]

Author
[FNA]

Subspecific
Category
[FNA]

Habitat

Abundance & Distribution

Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied

US
Native?

IA
Native?

Special
Notes

Resedaceae

Reseda lutea

E&R does not include this plant in IA. See FNA [7:192].

Reseda luteola

Dyer's rocket

Dry, disturbed areas.

Rare in C & in WC [Harrison (1930), Ida, & Monona (1931) Counties].

C, WC

See FNA [7:193].

The following Rhamnaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]

Author
[Eilers & Roosa]

Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]

Common
Name

Family
[FNA]

Scientific
Name
[FNA]

Author
[FNA]

Subspecific
Category
[FNA]

Habitat

Abundance & Distribution

Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied

US
Native?

IA
Native?

Special
Notes

Ceanothus americanus

var. pitcheri T&G

New Jersey tea

Prairie remnants. Woodland edges. Openings in dry woods.

Frequent in NW. Infrequent in SC. Common elsewhere.

All

Yes

Ceanothus herbaceus

Raf.

var. pubescens (T&G) Shinners

Redroot

Dry hillsides. Sandy plains. Loess ridges.

Common in NW & extreme NE. Frequent in SW. Infrequent in C.

NE, NW, C, SW

Yes

Rhamnus alnifolia

L'Her

Alder buckthorn

Algific talus slopes.

Rare in Paleozoic Plateau.

NE, EC

Yes

Rhamnus cathartica

Common buckthorn

Escapee from cultivation to woodlands.

Frequent in N 1/2. Rare in SE.

NE, NC, NW, EC, C, WC, SE

Rhamnus davurica

Pallas

Along gravel roads.

Rare in NE [Winneshiek County].

Rhamnus frangula

Glossy buckthorn

Escapee from cultivation to low, sandy woods.

Rare escapee from cultivation.

All

Rhamnus lanceolata

Pursh.

Lance-leaved buckthorn

Upland woods. Open, wooded hillsides. Woodland edges. Rocky bluffs.

Frequent to common in S 1/2 & in extreme E. Rare or absent elsewhere.

All

Yes

E&R includes 2 varieties: var. lanceolata & var. glabrata Gl.

The following Rosaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]

Author
[Eilers & Roosa]

Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]

Common
Name

Family
[FNA]

Scientific
Name
[FNA]

Author
[FNA]

Subspecific
Category
[FNA]

Habitat

Abundance & Distribution

Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied

US
Native?

IA
Native?

Special
Notes

Agrimonia eupatoria

Dry pasture.

Rare in C [Story County (1907)].

Agrimonia gryposepala

Wallr.

Tall agrimony

Dry woods. Woodland borders.

Infrequent in S 1/2 & in NC. Frequent to common elsewhere.

All

Yes

Agrimonia parviflora

Aiton

Swamp agrimony

Moist, open woods. Alluvium.

Frequent in SE. Infrequent in SC.

SE, SC

Yes

Agrimonia pubescens

Wallr.

Soft agrimony

Upland woods. Moist, wooded slopes.

Infrequent in NW & in NC. Frequent to common elsewhere.

All

Yes

Agrimonia striata

Michx.

Dry, upland or low, moist woods.

Infrequent to rare throughout.

All

Yes

Amelanchier alnifolia

Nutt.

Thickets. Margins of lakes.

Rare in NW [Dickinson, Emmet, & Lyon Counties] & in NC [Hancock County].

NC, NW

Yes

Amelanchier arborea

(Michx. f.) Fern.

Serviceberry

Moist, wooded slopes. Rocky, wooded slopes.

Infrequent in NE 1/4. Absent in NW. Frequent elsewhere.

NE, NC, EC, C, WC, SE, SC, SW

Yes

Amelanchier humilis

Wieg.

Dry, sandy prairies. Rocky bluffs.

Frequent in NC & in Paleozoic Plateau. Rare in Iowan Surface.

NE, NC, EC, C

Yes

Amelanchier interior

Nielsen

Dry sandstone ledges.

Frequent in Paleozoic Plateau. Rare in extreme E.

NE, EC, SE

Yes

Amelanchier sanguinea

(Pursh) DC.

Sandstone ledges. Algific slopes.

Rare in N, C, & EC.

NE, NC, NW, EC, C

Yes

Aronia melanocarpa

(Michx.) Ell.

Black chokeberry

Dry sandstone ledges.

Rare in NE [Winneshiek County].

Yes

Aruncus dioicus

(Walter) Fern.

Goat's beard

Rocky, wooded slopes.

Rare in E [Clinton, Des Moines, Dubuque, Jackson, Lee, & Muscatine Counties.]

NE, EC, SE

Yes

E&R include 2 varieties: var. dioicus & var. pubescens (Rydb.) Fern.

Crataegus calpodendron

(Ehrh.) Medicus

Prairie openings in upland woods. Woodland edges.

Infrequent to rare throughout.

All

Yes

Crataegus chrysocarpa

Ashe

Lake margins. Wet sand.

Rare in N. [All records before 1950.]

NE, NC, NW

Yes

Crataegus coccinea

Moist, open alluvium. Upland woods.

Rare in C [Hardin County] & in E [Dubuque, Lee, Linn, & Wapello Counties].

NE, EC, C, SE

Yes

Crataegus crus-galli

Cockspur hawthorn

Open, upland woods. Pastures.

Infrequent in SW & in extreme E. Frequent in remainder of S 1/2.

NE, EC, C, WC, SE, SC, SW

Yes

Crataegus disperma

Ashe

Open woods. Pastures.

Rare in SC [Decatur (1940)] & in SE [Davis (1940) & Wapello (1940) Counties].

SE, SC

Yes

Crataegus margaretta

Ashe

Upland woods. Slopes. Open alluvial woods.

Infrequent to frequent in E 1/2.

NE, NC, EC, C, SE, SC

Yes

Crataegus mollis

(T&G) Scheele

Open, upland woods. Sandy alluvium. Prairie openings.

Infrequent in Paleozoic Plateau. Frequent to common elsewhere.

All

Yes

Crataegus pruinosa

(Wendl. f.) K. Koch

Thickets. Rocky woods.

Rare in C [Boone County (1940)] & in SE [Wapello County (1929)].

C, SE

Yes

Crataegus punctata

Jacq.

Open woods. Pastures.

Rare in NW & in SE. Frequent to infrequent elsewhere.

All

Yes

Crataegus succulenta

Schrader ex Link

Open woods. Woodland edges.

Infrequent in NW. Rare throughout much of the state.

All

Yes

Filipendula rubra

(Hill) B. L. Robinson

Queen of the prairie

Wet prairies.

Rare in NE [Fayette County] & in SE [Muscatine County].

NE, SE

Yes

Fragaria vesca

var. americana (Porter) Britton

Woodland strawberry

Wooded, calcareous slopes. Upland woods.

Rare in SE. Frequent to common elsewhere.

All

Yes

Fragaria virginiana

Duchesne

Wild strawberry

Prairie remnants. Open woods.

Common throughout the state.

All

Yes

E&R includes 3 varieties: var. virginiana, var. illinoense (Prince) Gray, var. glauca S. Watson

Geum aleppicum

Jacq.

var. strictum (Aiton) Fern.

Yellow avens

Low woods. Woodland seeps. Fens.

Infrequent to rare in NE & in NW [Dickinson County].

NE, NW

Yes

Geum canadense

Jacq.

White avens

Moist woods. Prairies. Alluvial woods.

Common throughout the state.

All

Yes

E&R includes 2 varieties: var. canadense & var. camporum (Rydb.) Fern. & Weath.

Geum laciniatum

Murray

Rough avens

Marshes. Lakeshores. Wet, disturbed sites.

Rare in NW. Frequent to infrequent in S & in E.

NE, NW, EC, SE, SC, SW

Yes

yes

E&R includes 2 varieties: var. laciniatum & var. trichocarpum Fern.

Geum triflorum

Pursh

Prairies smoke, purple avens

Prairie remnants. Roadsides.

Infrequent in NE. Rare in NW [Dickinson County].

NE, NW

Yes

Geum vernum

(Raf.) T&G

Spring avens

Moist, upland woods.

Rare in NW & in S [Jefferson (1928), Mahaska (1938), Page, Taylor, & Wapello (1939) Counties].

NW, SE, SC, SW

Yes

Malus ioensis

(Wood) Britton

Wild crab

Dry, brushy uplands. Open woods. Prairie remnants.

Frequent to common throughout.

All

Yes

Malus sylvestris

(L.) P. Miller

Apple

Alluvial flats.

Rarely escaping from cultivation.

All

Physocarpus opulifolius

(L.) Maxim.

Ninebark

Wooded, rocky hillsides. Rocky ledges.

Frequent to infrequent in E & in SC. Rare in NC.

NE, NC, EC, SE, SC

Yes

Potentilla anserina

Silverweed

Fens & wet soils at wetland margins.

Rare in C [Hardin County (circa 1900) & Hamilton County], NW [Dickinson & Emmet Counties], & in NC [Wright County (1904)].

NC, NW, C

Yes

Potentilla argentea

Open, sandy soil. Sandy alluvium.

Rare in C, E, & in NW [Dickinson & Emmet (1930) Counties].

NE, NW, EC, C, SE

Potentilla arguta

Pursh

Dry prairies. Sandy soil.

Rare in NE. Frequent to infrequent elsewhere.

All

Yes

Potentilla fruticosa

Shrubby cinquefoil

Limestone ledges. Bluffs.

Rare in NE [Allamakee & Winneshiek Counties] & in EC [Jackson & Jones Counties].

NE, EC

Yes

Potentilla intermedia

Sandy soil.

Rare in NE [Black Hawk County].

Potentilla norvegica

Norwegian cinquefoil

Roadsides. Pastures. Shores. Alluvium. Waste places.

Common throughout the state.

All

Yes

Potentilla palustris

(L.) Scop.

Marsh cinquefoil

Marshes. Fens.

Rare in N part of Des Moines Lobe. Rare in NC [Cerro Gordo County], NE [Black Hawk, Bremer, & Buchanan Counties], & in EC [Jones County].

NE, NC, EC

Yes

Potentilla paradoxa

Nutt. ex T&G

Bushy cinquefoil

Sandy or muddy shores of lakes & marshes.

Frequent in N part of Des Moines lobe. Infrequent in NW. Rare in SW

NC, NW, SW

Yes

Potentilla pensylvanica

Gravelly prairies. Sioux Quartzite.

Rare in NW [Lyon & O'Brien Counties].

Yes

Potentilla recta

Sulphur cinquefoil

Dry roadsides. Along railroads. Pastures. Waste ground.

Frequent to infrequent throughout most of the state.

All

Potentilla rivalis

Nutt.

Brook cinquefoil

Lake margins. Sandy marshes.

Rare in N & E.

NE, NC, NW, EC, SE

Yes

E&R includes 3 varieties: var. rivalis, var. millegrana (Engelm.) S. Watson, var. pentandra (Engelm.) S. Watson.

Potentilla simplex

Michx.

Common cinquefoil

Woodland openings. Sandy prairie remnants. Woodland edges.

Common in E 1/2. Infrequent to rare in W 1/2.

All

Yes

E&R includes 2 varieties: var. simplex & var. calvescens Fern.

Potentilla tridentata

(Solander) Aiton

Three-toothed cinquefoil

Sandstone ledges.

Rare in NE [Allamakee & Winneshiek Counties].

Yes

Prunus americana

Marsh.

Wild plum

Fencerows. Along railroads. Woodland edges. Open woods.

Common throughout.

All

Yes

Prunus besseyi

Bailey

Dwarf cherry

Crevices in Sioux Quartzite.

Rare in NW [Lyon County].

Yes

Prunus hortulana

Bailey

Hortulan plum

Road cuts. Low woods.

Rare in SE [Lee & Van Buren Counties].

Yes

Prunus mexicana

S. Watson

Big-tree plum

Roadsides. Fencerows.

Infrequent throughout.

All

Yes

Prunus nigra

Aiton

Canada plum

Steep, north-facing or east-facing, wooded slopes.

Rare in C [Boone County (1936)], NW [Clay County (1934)], & NE [Allamakee, Clayton, & Winnesheik Counties].

NE, NW, C

Yes

Prunus pensylvanica

L. f.

Pin cherry

Woods. Clearings.

Common in Paleozoic Plateau. Frequent in NC. Rare in Iowan Surface & in SC.

NE, NC, EC, C, SC

Yes

Prunus persica

(L.) Batsch

Peach

Roads. Fencerows.

Rare escapee from cultivation.

All

Prunus pumila

Sand cherry

Dry, sandy plains. Sand prairies. Blowouts.

Rare in N [Allamakee, Buchanan, Cerro Gordo (1946), Delaware, Dickison (1928), Lyon, & Winneshiek Counties] & in SE [Louisa & Muscatine Counties}..

NE, NC, NW, SE

Yes

Prunus serotina

Ehrh.

Wild black cherry

Moist, wooded slopes. Upland woods.

Frequent to common throughout.

All

Yes

Prunus virginiana

Choke cherry

Open woods. Woodland borders. Rocky bluffs. Fencerows.

Common throughout the state.

All

Yes

Pyrus communis

Pear

Near habitation. Apparently self-seeded.

Rare in C [Dallas County], EC [Clinton (1921) & Johnson Counties], & in SE [Des Moines & Lee Counties].

EC, C SE

Rosa acicularis

Lindley

Algific talus slopes.

Rare in NE [Allamakee, Clayton, Delaware, & Winneshiek Counties].

Yes

E&R includes 2 subspecies: ssp. acicularis & ssp. sayi (Schwein.) W. H Lewis

Rosa arkansana

Porter

var. suffulta (Greene) Cockerell

Sunshine rose

Dry prairies.

Infrequent to frequent throughout.

All

Yes

Rosa blanda

Aiton

Meadow rose

Prairie remnants. Wooded slopes. Roadsides.

Infrequent to frequent throughout.

All

Yes

Rosa carolina

Prairie remnants. Open, sandy places. Open, upland woods.

Common in E 1/2. Frequent in NC. Infrequent to rare elsewhere.

All

Yes

E&R includes 3 varieties: var. carolina, var. grandiflora (Baker) Rehder, & var. villosa (Best) Rehder

Rosa eglanteria

Sweetbriar rose

Roadsides.

Infrequent escapee from cultivation in NC, in lakes area, & in SE.

NC, NW, SE

Rosa multiflora

Thunb. ex Murry

Multiflora rose

Escapee to waste ground. Pastures. Old fields.

Frequent to common in S 1/2. Rare in N.

All

Rosa palustris

Marsh.

Swamp rose

Moist thickets.

Rare in SW [Taylor County].

Yes

Rosa setigera

Michx.

Prairie rose

Open woods. Fencerows.

Rare in SW & in SE.

SE, SW

Yes

E&R includes 2 varieties: var. setigera & var. tomentosa T&G.

Rosa woodsii

Lindley

Prairie remnants. Sandy soil. Calcareous bluffs.

Rare in N 1/2.

NE, NC, NW, EC, C, WC

Yes

E&R includes 2 varieties: var. woodsii & var. fendleri (Crepin) Rydb.

Rubus allegheniensis

Porter ex Bailey

Blackberry

Moist-to-dry woods. Woodland edges. Roadsides.

Common throughout.

All

Yes

E&R includes R. ostryifoilius Rydb. & R. pensilvanicus Poiret w/in this taxon.

Rubus flagellaris

Willd.

Dewberry

Sandy soil.

Infrequent to rare in N 1/2.

NE, NC, NW, EC, C, WC

Yes

Rubus hispidus

Dewberry

Edges of moist, sandy, prairie swales.

Rare in NE [Black Hawk County].

Yes

Rubus idaeus

Cultivated red raspberry

Waste ground. Fencerows. Woodland edges.

Rare escapee from cultivation in SW, NC, & extreme E.

NE, NC, EC, SE, SW

Rubus occidentalis

Black raspberry

Upland woods. Woodland edges. Roadsides.

Common throughtout the state.

All

Yes

Rubus pubescens

Raf.

Algific talus slopes. Fens.

Rare in NE.

Yes

Rubus strigosus

Michx.

Wild red raspberry

Sandy woods. Moist, wooded slopes.

Infrequent in NE, except common in Paleozoic Plateau.

NE, EC

Yes

Sanguisorba annua

(Nutt. ex Hooker) T&G

Disturbed areas.

Rare escapee from cultivation.

All

Sorbaria sorbifolia

(L.) A. Br.

False spirea

Disturbed ground near dwellings.

Rare escapee from cultivation in NE [Allamakee County].

Sorbus aucuparia

Mountain ash

Hedges. Woodland margins. Sandstone outcrops.

Occasional escapee from cultivation.

All

Spirea alba

Du Roi

Meadowsweet

Low prairies. Marshy ground. Fens.

Frequent to common in NE 1/2. Infrequent to rare elsewhere.

All

Yes

The following Rubiaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]

Author
[Eilers & Roosa]

Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]

Common
Name

Family
[FNA]

Scientific
Name
[FNA]

Author
[FNA]

Subspecific
Category
[FNA]

Habitat

Abundance & Distribution

Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied

US
Native?

IA
Native?

Special
Notes

Cephalanthus occidentalis

Buttonbush

Marshes. Lakeshores. Moist alluvium.

Common in S 1/2 & in E. Infrequent to rare elsewhere.

All

Yes

Diodia teres

Walter

Buttonweed

Sandy soil. Fields. Roadsides.

Rare in E [Clinton, Des Moines, Dubuque, Jackson, Lee, Louisa, & Muscatine (1924) Counties].

NE, EC, SE

Yes

E&R includes 2 varieties: var. teres & var. setifera Fern. & Grisc.

Galium aparine

Cleavers

Moist woods.

Common throughout.

All

Yes

Galium asprellum

Michx.

Rough bedstraw

Wooded seepage slopes. Algific slopes. Sandy allvium.

Rare in NE [Allamakee, Clayton, Delaware, Dubuque, & Winneshiek Counties].

Yes

Galium boreale

Northern bedstraw

Prairie remnants. Limestone ledges. Talus slopes. Fens.

Common in NE 1/4. Frequent in extreme E. Infrequent in NW.

NE, NC, NW, EC, C, SE

Yes

E&R includes 3 varieties: var. boreale, var. intermedium DC., & var. hyssopifolium (Hoffm.) DC.].

Galium circaezans

Michx.

Moist woods.

Frequent to common throughout.

All

Yes

E&R includes 2 varieties: var circaezans & var. hypomalacum Fern.

Galium concinnum

T&G

Shining bedstraw

Upland woods. Moist, wooded slopes.

Common throughout.

All

Yes

Galium labradoricum

(Wieg.) Wieg.

Bog bedstraw

Marshes. Fens.

Rare in NC [Cerro Gordo, Mitchell, & Winnebago Counties] & in NE [Chickasaw, Clayton, & Winneshiek Counties].

NE, NC

Yes

Galium obtusum

Bigelow

Wild madder

Moist prairie remnants. Open, alluvial woods. Shores.

Frequent to infrequent throughout.

All

Yes

Galium tinctorium

Stiff bedstraw

Open, marshy habitats.

Frequent to infrequent in E 1/2. Rare in SC.

NE, NC, EC, C, SE, SC

Yes

Galium trifidum

Small bedstraw

Marshes.

Rare in NC [Des Moines lobe] & in NE [ Allamakee & Winneshiek Counties].

NE, NC

Yes

Galium triflorum

Michx.

Sweet-scented bedstraw

Open woods. Moist, wooded slopes. Alluvial woods.

Frequent in NW. Infrequent in NC. Common elsewhere.

All

Yes

Galium verum

Yellow bedstraw

Roadsides. Edges of woods. Dry prairies.

Rare in W [Cass (1925), Dickinson, & Greene (1929) Counties].

NW, WC, SW

Hedyotis crassifolia

Raf.

Bluets

Sandy or rocky lowland prairies.

Infrequent in E.

NE, EC, SE

Yes

Hedyotis nigricans

(Lam.) Fosb.

Loess bluffs.

Frequent to common in Loess Hills & SW.

NW, WC, SW

Yes

Mitchella repens

Partridge berry

Rich, upland woods.

Rare in NE [Dubuque (1901) & Winneshiek Counties].

Yes

The following Rutaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]

Author
[Eilers & Roosa]

Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]

Common
Name

Family
[FNA]

Scientific
Name
[FNA]

Author
[FNA]

Subspecific
Category
[FNA]

Habitat

Abundance & Distribution

Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied

US
Native?

IA
Native?

Special
Notes

Ptelea trifoliata

Wafer ash

Woods along streams. Rocky wooded bluffs. Sandy habitats.

Frequent in SE & extreme E. Rare in NC.

NE, NC, EC, SE

Yes

Zanthoxylum americanum

P. Miller

Prickly ash

Open, upland woods. Woodland openings. Edges.

Common throughout.

All

Yes

In this category a total of 150 dicots were recorded from the state of Iowa.

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