Iowa's native and naturalized dicots.

The following information is sorted in ascending order alphabetically by "Family".


The following Magnoliaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Author
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Common
Name		 Family
[FNA]		 Scientific
Name
[FNA]		 Author
[FNA]		 Subspecific
Category
[FNA]		 Habitat Abundance & Distribution Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied		 US
Native?		 IA
Native?		 Special
Notes
Liriodendron tulipifera L. . Tulip tree, yellow poplar Magnoliaceae Liriodendron tulipifera L. . Cultivated situations. Commonly planted in SE [A population is reproducing in Lee County]. All Yes No FNA [3:10] does not include this plant in IA.

The following Malvaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Author
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Common
Name		 Family
[FNA]		 Scientific
Name
[FNA]		 Author
[FNA]		 Subspecific
Category
[FNA]		 Habitat Abundance & Distribution Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied		 US
Native?		 IA
Native?		 Special
Notes
Abutilon theophrastii Medicus . Velvet leaf . . . . Weed of cultivated fields. Common throughout. All No No .
Alcea rosea L. . Hollyhock . . . . Roadsides. Disturbed ground near human habitation. Common throughout most of the state. All No No .
Callirhoe alcaeoides (Michx.) Gray . Poppy mallow . . . . Prairies. Rare in NW [Dickinson County] & in SW [Page County]. NW, SW Yes Yes .
Callirhoe bushii Fern. . Poppy mallow . . . . Roadside prairies. Rare in SW [Page County]. SW Yes Yes .
Callirhoe involucrata (Nutt. ex T&G) Gray . Purple poppy mallow . . . . Roadsides. Disturbed ground. Rare in NW & S 1/2. NW, EC, C, WC, SE, SC, SW Yes Yes .
Callirhoe triangulata (Leavenw.) Gray . Clustered loosestrife . . . . Dry, sandy plains & prairies Rare in E [Allamakee, Clinton, & Davis (early 1900s) Counties]. NE, EC, SE Yes Yes .
Hibiscus laevis All. . Halberd-leaved rose mallow . . . . Wet, alluvial bottoms. Pond & marsh shores. Frequent to infrequent in EC, SE, & SC. Rare in NC, SW, & in Paleozoic Plateau. NE, NC, EC, SE, SC, SW Yes Yes .
Hibiscus trionum L. . Flower-of-an-hour . . . . Field edges. Roadsides. Rare in NE. Frequent to common elsewhere. All No No .
Malva neglecta Wallr. . Cheeses . . . . Waste ground. Common in SW 1/2. Infrequent to rare elsewhere. All No No .
Malva parviflora L. . Little mallow . . . . Disturbed soil. Rare in NW [Emmet County]. NW No No .
Malva rotundifolia L. . Round-leaved mallow . . . . Waste ground. Farmyards. Roadsides. Frequent to common throughout the state. All No No .
Malva sylvestris L. . High mallow . . . . Waste ground. Roadsides. Rare escapee from cultivation. [No records since 1924.] All No No .
Malva verticillata L. . Mallow . . . . Disturbed soil. Waste ground. Rare escapee from cultivation. [Last record in 1929.] All No No .
Malvastrum hispidum (Pursh) Hochr. . . . . . . Streambanks. Rare in EC [Scott County (1898)] & SE [Muscatine County (1895)]. EC, SE Yes Yes .
Napaea dioica L. . Glade mallow . . . . Moist, alluvial woods. Rare in NC [Butler & Floyd (n.d.) Counties] & in NE [Allamakee, Black Hawk, Fayette, Howard, & Winneshiek Counties]. NE, NC Yes Yes .
Sida spinosa L. . Prickly mallow . . . . Waste or disturbed ground. Infrequent to frequent in the S 1/2 of the state. EC, C, WC, SE, SC, SW No No .
Sphaeralcea coccinea (Nutt.) Rydb. . Scarlet mallow . . . . Crests of dry loess bluffs. Rare in WC [Harrison County], NW [Plymouth County], & SW [Pottawattamie County]. NW, WC, SW Yes Yes .

The following Martyniaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Author
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Common
Name		 Family
[FNA]		 Scientific
Name
[FNA]		 Author
[FNA]		 Subspecific
Category
[FNA]		 Habitat Abundance & Distribution Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied		 US
Native?		 IA
Native?		 Special
Notes
Proboscidea louisianica (P. Miller) Thell. . Unicorn plant . . . . Riverbanks. Sandy habitats. Rare in NW [Dickinson (1912) & Emmet (1883) Counties], EC [Scott County], SE [Keokuk (1897) & Muscatine (1884) Counties], & SC [Madison (1910) County]. NW, EC, SE, SC Yes No .

The following Melastomataceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Author
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Common
Name		 Family
[FNA]		 Scientific
Name
[FNA]		 Author
[FNA]		 Subspecific
Category
[FNA]		 Habitat Abundance & Distribution Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied		 US
Native?		 IA
Native?		 Special
Notes
Rhexia virginica L. . Meadow beauty . . . . Moist, sandy soil. Rare in EC [Cedar & Clinton Counties] & SE [Muscatine County]. EC, SE Yes Yes .

The following Menispermaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Author
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Common
Name		 Family
[FNA]		 Scientific
Name
[FNA]		 Author
[FNA]		 Subspecific
Category
[FNA]		 Habitat Abundance & Distribution Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied		 US
Native?		 IA
Native?		 Special
Notes
Menispermum canadense L. . Moonseed Menispermaceae Menispermum canadense L. . Woods. Woodland borders. Frequent to common throughout the state. All Yes Yes .

The following Menyanthaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Author
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Common
Name		 Family
[FNA]		 Scientific
Name
[FNA]		 Author
[FNA]		 Subspecific
Category
[FNA]		 Habitat Abundance & Distribution Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied		 US
Native?		 IA
Native?		 Special
Notes
Menyanthes trifoliata L. . Buckbean . . . . Shallow water of fens & marshes. Rare in N 1/2 & in SE [Muscatine County}. NE, NC, NW, EC, C, WC, SE Yes Yes .

The following Molluginaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Author
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Common
Name		 Family
[FNA]		 Scientific
Name
[FNA]		 Author
[FNA]		 Subspecific
Category
[FNA]		 Habitat Abundance & Distribution Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied		 US
Native?		 IA
Native?		 Special
Notes
see Aizoaceae . . . . . . . . . . No No FNA [4:510].

The following Moraceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Author
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Common
Name		 Family
[FNA]		 Scientific
Name
[FNA]		 Author
[FNA]		 Subspecific
Category
[FNA]		 Habitat Abundance & Distribution Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied		 US
Native?		 IA
Native?		 Special
Notes
. . . Paper-mulberry Moraceae Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Ventenat . . . . No No E&R does not include this plant in Iowa. FNA 3:393].
Cannabis sativa L. . Hemp, marijuana Cannabaceae Cannabis sativa L. . Wide variety of disturbed habitats. Waste ground. Common throughout the state. All No No .
Humulus japonicus Sieb. & Zucc. . Japanese hops Cannabaceae Humulus japonicus Sieb. & Zucc. . Waste ground. Roadsides. Moist woods. Frequent in SW. Infrequent to rare in E 2/3. NE, NC, EC, C, SE, SC, SW No No .
Humulus lupulus L. . Common hops Cannabaceae Humulus lupulus L. . Floodplains. Low, open woods. Infrequent to frequent throughout most of the state. All Yes Yes FNA includes 2 varieties in Iowa: var. lupuloides E. Small & var. pubescens E. Small.
Maclura pomifera (Raf. ex Sarg.) Schneider . Osage orange, hedge apple Moraceae Maclura pomifera (Raf.) Schneider . Roadsides. Fencerows. Successional fields. Once planted for fencerows. Common escapee from cultivation [especially in S 1/2]. All Yes No .
Morus alba L. . Chinese mulberry, white mulberry Moraceae Morus alba L. . Woods. Roadsides. Riverbanks. Loess bluffs. Common throughout the state. All No No .
Morus rubra L. . Red mulberry Moraceae Morus rubra L. . Moist alluvial woods. Wooded slopes. Infrequent to frequent in SW 1/2. NW, C, WC, SE, SC, SW Yes Yes .

The following Myrsinaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Author
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Common
Name		 Family
[FNA]		 Scientific
Name
[FNA]		 Author
[FNA]		 Subspecific
Category
[FNA]		 Habitat Abundance & Distribution Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied		 US
Native?		 IA
Native?		 Special
Notes
See Primulaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The following Nelumbonaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Author
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Common
Name		 Family
[FNA]		 Scientific
Name
[FNA]		 Author
[FNA]		 Subspecific
Category
[FNA]		 Habitat Abundance & Distribution Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied		 US
Native?		 IA
Native?		 Special
Notes
See Nymphaeaceae . . . . . . . . . . . . .

The following Nyctaginaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Author
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Common
Name		 Family
[FNA]		 Scientific
Name
[FNA]		 Author
[FNA]		 Subspecific
Category
[FNA]		 Habitat Abundance & Distribution Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied		 US
Native?		 IA
Native?		 Special
Notes
Mirabilis albida (Walter) Heimerl . Pale four-o'clock Nyctaginaceae Mirabilis albida (Walter) Heimerl . Dry prairies. Gravelly hills. Rare in NW, NC, & SC. NC, NW, SC Yes Yes .
Mirabilis hirsuta (Pursh) MacM. . Hairy four-o'clock Nyctaginaceae Mirabilis albida (Walter) Heimerl . Dry prairies. Loess bluffs. Gravel hills. Frequent to infrequent in W 1/2. NC, NW, C, WC, SC, SW Yes Yes See discussion of Mirabilis hirsuta in FNA [Vol. 4, p. 51]
Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM. . Wild four-o'clock Nyctaginaceae Mirabilis nyctaginea (Michx.) MacM. . Dry sandy or gravelly soil. Roadsides. Along railroads. Common throughout. All Yes Yes .

The following Nymphaeaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Author
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Common
Name		 Family
[FNA]		 Scientific
Name
[FNA]		 Author
[FNA]		 Subspecific
Category
[FNA]		 Habitat Abundance & Distribution Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied		 US
Native?		 IA
Native?		 Special
Notes
Brasenia schreberi J. F. Gmelin . Watershield Cabombaceae Brasenia schreberi J. F. Gmelin . Shallow, standing water. Rare in scattered localities throughout. All Yes Yes .
Nelumbo lutea (Willd.) Pers. . American lotus Nelumbonaceae Nelumbo lutea Willd. . Shallow water. Backwaters of rivers. Frequent to rare in Mississippi River basin. Rare along Missouri River. Introduced in a few interior lakes. All Yes Yes .
Nuphar luteum (L.) Sibth. & Smith ssp. variegatum (Engelm. ex Dur.) E.O. Beal Yellow water lily Nymphaeaceae Nuphar variegata Durand . Shallow water of ponds & marshes. Not reported from SW. Infrequent to rare elsewhere. NE, NC, NW, EC, C, WC, SE, SC Yes Yes See discussion of Nuphar in FNA [Vol. 3, pp. 67-70].
Nymphaea tuberosa Paine . White water lily Nymphaeaceae Nymphaea odorata Aiton ssp. tuberosa (Paine) Wiersema & Hellquist Shallow, standing water of marshes & ponds. Frequent in lakes area. Infrequent to rare elsewhere. All Yes Yes .

The following Oleaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Author
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Common
Name		 Family
[FNA]		 Scientific
Name
[FNA]		 Author
[FNA]		 Subspecific
Category
[FNA]		 Habitat Abundance & Distribution Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied		 US
Native?		 IA
Native?		 Special
Notes
Fraxinus americana L. . White ash . . . . Upland woods. Infrequent in NC. Absent in NW. Frequent to common elsewhere. NE, NC, EC, C, WC, SE, SC, SW Yes Yes .
Fraxinus nigra Marsh. . Black ash . . . . Moist, wooded slopes. Alluvium. Absent in W. Infrequent to rare in SE & in SC. Frequent to common elsewhere. NE, NC, EC, C, SE, SC Yes Yes .
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. var. lanceolata (Borkh.) Sarg. Green ash . . . . Edges of low, moist woods. Frequent to common throughout the state. All Yes Yes .
Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marsh. var. pennsylvanica Red ash . . . . Alluvial or low, moist woods. Common in SW. Rare elsewhere. All Yes Yes .
Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. . Blue ash . . . . Rocky bluffs. Rare in SE [Des Moines & Lee Counties]. SE Yes Yes .
Syringa vulgaris L. . Lilac . . . . Disturbed ground around old dwelling sites. Frequently persists from cultivation. All No No .

The following Onagraceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Author
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Common
Name		 Family
[FNA]		 Scientific
Name
[FNA]		 Author
[FNA]		 Subspecific
Category
[FNA]		 Habitat Abundance & Distribution Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied		 US
Native?		 IA
Native?		 Special
Notes
Calylophus serrulatus (Nutt.) Raven . Toothed evening primrose . . . . Sandy or gravelly prairies. Dry uplands. Common in NW & NC. Frequent to infrequent in rest of NW 1/2. NE, NC, NW, C, WC, SW Yes Yes .
Circaea alpina L. . Enchanter's nightshade . . . . Moist, shaded, sandstone cliffs. Algific talus slopes. Frequent in Paleozoic Plateau. Rare in SE [Muscatine County (1896)]. NE, EC, SE Yes Yes .
Circaea lutetiana L. ssp. canadensis (L.) Ascherson & Magnus Enchanter's nightshade . . . . Moist woods. Frequent to common throughout. All Yes Yes .
Epilobium X wisconsinense Ugent . Willow herb . . . . Margins of marshes. Rare in NW [Lyon County (1910)]. NW Yes Yes = Epilobium ciliatum X E. coloratum
Epilobium angustifolium L. . Fireweed . . . . Dry roadsides. Open woods. Talus slopes. Infrequent in NE 1/4. Rare in NC. NE, NC, EC, C Yes Yes .
Epilobium ciliatum Raf. . Willow herb . . . . Marshes. Sedge meadows. Common in SW. Infrequent to rare elsewhere. All Yes Yes .
Epilobium coloratum Biehler . Cinnamon willowherb . . . . Marshes. Moist woods. Frequent to common throughout. Not reported from extreme W. All Yes Yes .
Epilobium leptophyllum Raf. . Bog willowherb . . . . Margins of marshes. Sedge meadows. Fens. Frequent in lakes area. Otherwise rare to infrequent in N 1/2. NE, NC, NW, EC, C, WC Yes Yes .
Epilobium strictum Muhl. . Willow herb . . . . Fens. Rare in NE [Black Hawk, Bremer, Buchanan, & Chickasaw Counties]. NE Yes Yes .
Gaura biennis L. . . . . . . Prairie remnants. Open, sandy areas. Roadsides. Frequent to common in S 1/2. Infrequent to rare in NE /14. Rare in NW [Emmet County]. All Yes Yes E&R includes 2 varieties: var. biennis & var. pitcheri T&G.
Gaura coccinea Pursh . . . . . . Dry loess bluffs. Frequent in Loess Hills. NW, WC, SW Yes Yes .
Gaura parviflora Douglas . . . . . . Crests of loess bluffs. Dry, upland prairies. Infrequent in Loess Hills of SW. Rare in SE. Rare in C [Story County (1892)] & in EC [Iowa County (1940)]. EC, C, SE, SW Yes Yes .
Ludwigia alternifolia L. . Seedbox . . . . Marsh shores. Moist, sandy habitats. Infrequent in SE & SC. SE, SC Yes Yes .
Ludwigia palustris (L.) Ell. . Water purslane . . . . Marshes. Wet sand. Rare in E. NE, EC, SE Yes Yes .
Ludwigia peploides (HBK.) Raven ssp. glabrescens (Kuntze) Raven False loosestrife . . . . Shallow water. Muddy shores. Rare in S [Fremont, Louisa, & Lucas Counties]. SE, SC, SW Yes Yes .
Ludwigia polycarpa Short & Peter . False loosestrife . . . . Marshes. Shallow, standing water. No records from WC. Rare in NW & SW. Infrequent to frequent elsewhere. NE, NC, NW, EC, C, SE, SC, SW Yes Yes .
Oenothera biennis L. ssp. centralis Munz Evening primrose . . . . Sandy roadsides. Disturbed praire remnants. Infrequent to rare in E 1/2. NE, NC, EC, C, SE, SC Yes Yes .
Oenothera laciniata Hill . Ragged evening primrose . . . . Sandy soil. Prairie remnants. Along railroads. Frequent to infrequent in SE 1/3. Rare in NW, SC, & SW. NW, EC, SE, SC, SW Yes Yes .
Oenothera parviflora L. . Evening primrose . . . . Marshes. Alluvial woods. Clearings. Rare in C, NC, NE, & SE. NE, NC, C, SE Yes Yes .
Oenothera perennis L. . Small sundrops . . . . Moist prairies. Rare in NE [Delaware, Fayette, Howard, & Winneshiek Counties]. Rare in EC [Linn County]. NE, EC Yes Yes .
Oenothera pilosella Raf. . Prairie sundrops . . . . Prairie remnants. Open, sandy soil. Margins of fens. Infrequent in SE 1/2. NE, EC, C, SE, SC, SW Yes Yes .
Oenothera rhombipetala Nutt. ex T&G . Sand primrose . . . . Dry, sandy soil. Frequent in E. Infrequent to rare in C & SC. NE, EC, C, SE, SC Yes Yes .
Oenothera speciosa Nutt. . Showy evening primrose . . . . Roadsides. Along railroads. Rare in NC [Kossuth County]. Rare in S [Clarke, Fremont, & Van Buren Counties]. NC, SE, SC, SW Yes Yes .
Oenothera villosa Thunb. . Gray evening primrose . . . . Prairie remnants. Open alluvial woods. Common throughout. All Yes Yes .

The following Orobanchaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Author
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Common
Name		 Family
[FNA]		 Scientific
Name
[FNA]		 Author
[FNA]		 Subspecific
Category
[FNA]		 Habitat Abundance & Distribution Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied		 US
Native?		 IA
Native?		 Special
Notes
Conopholis americana (L.) Wallr. . Cancer-root, squaw-root . . . . Parasitic on roots of oak trees. Rare in NE [Allamakee County]. NE Yes Yes .
Orobanche fasciculata Nutt. . Clustered broomrape . . . . Parasitic on roots of Artemesia spp. & paper birch. Rare in NW [Dickinson County (1933)] & in NE [Allamakee County]. NE, NW Yes Yes .
Orobanche ludoviciana Nutt. . Broomrape . . . . Parasitic on roots of Asteraceae. Rare in NW [Lyon County (1896)]. NW Yes Yes .
Orobanche uniflora L. . One-flowered cancer-root . . . . Moist woods. Parasitic on various species. Rare in SE 1/3 & in WC [Guthrie County]. EC, WC, SE, SC, Yes Yes .

The following Oxalidaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Author
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]		 Common
Name		 Family
[FNA]		 Scientific
Name
[FNA]		 Author
[FNA]		 Subspecific
Category
[FNA]		 Habitat Abundance & Distribution Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied		 US
Native?		 IA
Native?		 Special
Notes
Oxalis dillenii Jacq. . Yellow wood sorrel . . . . Sandy fields. Prairies. Infrequent to rare in E & SC. NE, EC, SE, SC Yes Yes .
Oxalis stricta L. . Yellow wood sorrel, lady's sorrel . . . . Roadsides. Moist, open ground. Disturbed soil. Frequent in S 1/2. Infrequent in extreme E & NW. Common in NE. NE, NW, EC, C, WC, SE, SC, SW Yes Yes .
Oxalis violacea L. . Violet wood sorrel . . . . Prairie remnants. Loess bluffs. Dry, sparsely-wooded ridges. Infrequent in SW 1/4. Frequent to common elsewhere. All Yes Yes .

In this category a total of 76 dicots were recorded from the state of Iowa.

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