| Scientific Name [Eilers & Roosa] |
Author [Eilers & Roosa] |
Subspecific Category [Eilers & Roosa] |
Common Name |
Family [FNA] |
Scientific Name [FNA] |
Author [FNA] |
Subspecific Category [FNA] |
Habitat | Abundance & Distribution |
Geographic Areas of Iowa Occupied |
US Native? |
IA Native? |
Special Notes |
| See section titled: "Dicots that have been reported from Iowa, but are listed in neither Eilers & Roosa nor the Flora of North America." | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | . |
| Scientific Name [Eilers & Roosa] |
Author [Eilers & Roosa] |
Subspecific Category [Eilers & Roosa] |
Common Name |
Family [FNA] |
Scientific Name [FNA] |
Author [FNA] |
Subspecific Category [FNA] |
Habitat | Abundance & Distribution |
Geographic Areas of Iowa Occupied |
US Native? |
IA Native? |
Special Notes |
| Dirca palustris | L. | . | Leatherwood | . | . | . | . | Moist, wooded slopes. | Frequent in Paleozoic Plateau, in extreme E, & in C. Rare to absent elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Thymelaea passerina | (L.) Cosson & Germ. | . | . | . | . | . | . | Disturbed prairies. Roadsides. | Rare in W [Harrison, Mills, Monona, Plymouth, Pottawattamie, & Woodbury Counties]. | NW, WC, SW | No | No | . |
| Scientific Name [Eilers & Roosa] |
Author [Eilers & Roosa] |
Subspecific Category [Eilers & Roosa] |
Common Name |
Family [FNA] |
Scientific Name [FNA] |
Author [FNA] |
Subspecific Category [FNA] |
Habitat | Abundance & Distribution |
Geographic Areas of Iowa Occupied |
US Native? |
IA Native? |
Special Notes |
| Tilia americana | L. | . | Basswood, American linden | . | . | . | . | Moist upland woods & ravines. | Common throughout the state. | All | Yes | Yes | E&R includes 2 varieties: var. americana & var. neglecta (Spach) Fosb. |
| Tilia heterophylla | Vent. | . | White basswood | . | . | . | . | Moist, disturbed soil. | Widely cultivated. | All | Yes | No | . |
| Scientific Name [Eilers & Roosa] |
Author [Eilers & Roosa] |
Subspecific Category [Eilers & Roosa] |
Common Name |
Family [FNA] |
Scientific Name [FNA] |
Author [FNA] |
Subspecific Category [FNA] |
Habitat | Abundance & Distribution |
Geographic Areas of Iowa Occupied |
US Native? |
IA Native? |
Special Notes |
| Celtis occidentalis | L. | . | Hackberry | Ulmaceae | Celtis occidentalis | L. | . | Moist, low woods. Open, disturbed soil. | Common throughout the state. | All | Yes | Yes | E&R includes 3 varieties: var. occidentalis, var. pumila (Pursh) Gray, & var. canina (Raf.) Sarg. FNA does not segregate the taxon into subspecific categories. |
| Ulmus americana | L. | . | American elm | Ulmaceae | Ulmus americana | L. | . | Woods, especially alluvial flats. | Common throughout the state. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Ulmus pumila | L. | . | Siberian elm | Ulmaceae | Ulmus pumila | L. | . | Fencerows. Successional fields. | Frequent escapee from plantings. | All | No | No | . |
| Ulmus rubra | Muhl. | . | Red elm, slippery elm | Ulmaceae | Ulmus rubra | Muhl. | . | Wooded slopes & bluffs. | Infrequent in NW. Frequent to common elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Ulmus thomasii | Sarg. | . | Rock elm, cork elm | Ulmaceae | Ulmus thomasii | Sarg. | . | Bases of moist, wooded slopes. | Infrequent to rare in N 1/2, in SE [Lee (1939) & Van Buren (1940) Counties], & in SC [Decatur (1900) & Mahaska (1928) Counties]. | NE, NC, NW, EC, C, WC, SE, SC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Scientific Name [Eilers & Roosa] |
Author [Eilers & Roosa] |
Subspecific Category [Eilers & Roosa] |
Common Name |
Family [FNA] |
Scientific Name [FNA] |
Author [FNA] |
Subspecific Category [FNA] |
Habitat | Abundance & Distribution |
Geographic Areas of Iowa Occupied |
US Native? |
IA Native? |
Special Notes |
| Boehmeria cylindrica | (L.) Sw. | . | Bog hemp | Urticaceae | Boehmeria cylindrica | (L.) Sw. | . | Marshes. Alluvium. Low woods. Shorelines. Fens. | Frequent to common in SC & extreme E. Infrequent to rare elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Laportea canadensis | (L.) Wedd. | . | Wood nettle | Urticaceae | Laportea canadensis | (L.) Wedd. | . | Moist alluvial woods. | Frequent in NW. Common elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Parietaria pensylvanica | Muhl. ex Willd. | . | Pellitory | Urticaceae | Parietaria pensylvanica | Muhl. ex Willd. | . | Wooded, rocky bluffs & ledges. | Infrequent in NE. Frequent to common elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Pilea fontana | (Lunell) Rydb. | . | Bog clearweed | Urticaceae | Pilea fontana | (Lunell) Rydb. | . | Moist, lowland prairies. Pond margins. Fens. | Rare in lakes area & in E. | NE, NW, EC, SE | Yes | Yes | . |
| Pilea pumila | (L.) Gray | . | Clearweed | Urticaceae | Pilea pumila | (L.) Gray | . | Moist woods. Streambanks. Alluvium. | Rare in NW. Frequent to common elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | E&R includes 2 varieties: var. pumila & var. deamii (Lunell) Fern. |
| Urtica dioica | L. | . | Stinging nettle | Urticaceae | Urtica dioica | L. | ssp. gracilis (Aiton) Selander | Moist, alluvial woods. Disturbed soil. | Common throughout the state. | All | Yes | Yes | E&R includes 2 subspecies: ssp. dioica & ssp. gracilis (Aiton) Selander. FNA includes only ssp. gracilis in Iowa. |
| Urtica urens | L. | . | . | Urticaceae | Urtica urens | L. | . | Waste ground. | Rare in WC [Carroll County (1921)] & in NE [Allamakee County (1925)]. | NE, WC | No | No | FNA does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| Scientific Name [Eilers & Roosa] |
Author [Eilers & Roosa] |
Subspecific Category [Eilers & Roosa] |
Common Name |
Family [FNA] |
Scientific Name [FNA] |
Author [FNA] |
Subspecific Category [FNA] |
Habitat | Abundance & Distribution |
Geographic Areas of Iowa Occupied |
US Native? |
IA Native? |
Special Notes |
| Valeriana edulis | Nutt. ex T&G | ssp. ciliata (T&G) F. G. Meyer | Valerian | . | . | . | . | Wet prairies. Fens. | Rare in NE 1/3. | NE, NC, EC, C | Yes | Yes | . |
| Valeriana officinalis | L. | . | Garden heliotrope | . | . | . | . | Moist, disturbed soil. | Rare escapee from cultivation. | All | No | No | . |
| Scientific Name [Eilers & Roosa] |
Author [Eilers & Roosa] |
Subspecific Category [Eilers & Roosa] |
Common Name |
Family [FNA] |
Scientific Name [FNA] |
Author [FNA] |
Subspecific Category [FNA] |
Habitat | Abundance & Distribution |
Geographic Areas of Iowa Occupied |
US Native? |
IA Native? |
Special Notes |
| Phyla lanceolata | (Michx.) Greene | . | Fogfruit | . | . | . | . | Marshes. Pond & stream margins. Alluvial woods. | Infrequent in NW & in Iowan Surface. Frequent to common elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Verbena X blanchardi | Moldenke | . | . | . | . | . | . | Prairie. | Rare in NE [Black Hawk County] & in SW [Cass County]. | NE, SW | Yes | Yes | = Verbena hastata X V. simplex |
| Verbena X deamii | Moldenke | . | . | . | . | . | . | Dry, sandy pastures. Roadsides. | Rare in NE [Allamakee County]. | NE | Yes | Yes | = Verbena bracteata X v. stricta |
| Verbena X engelmannii | Moldenke | . | . | . | . | . | . | Moist thickets. | Rare in SE [Louisa, Muscatine, & Van Buren Counties]. | SE | Yes | Yes | = Verbena urticifolia X V. hastata |
| Verbena X moechina | Moldenke | . | . | . | . | . | . | Prairie openings on bluffs. | Rare in E [Black Hawk (1930), Clinton, Jones, & Muscatine (1929) Counties]. | NE, EC, SE | Yes | Yes | = Verbena simplex X V. stricta |
| Verbena X rydbergii | Moldenke | . | . | . | . | . | . | Moist or sandy areas. | Rare in NW [Dickinson County], in NE [Black Hawk County], in SE [Louisa (1927) & Muscatine Counties], & in SC [Decatur County]. | NE, NW, SE, SC | Yes | Yes | = Verbena hastata X V. stricta |
| Verbena bracteata | Lag. & Rodr. | . | Creeping vervain | . | . | . | . | Farmyards. Along railroads. Roadsides. Loess bluffs. | Infrequent in NE. Frequent to common elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Verbena canadensis | (L.) Britton | . | . | . | . | . | . | Ledges, limestone or rimrock. | Rare in NE [Dubuque County] & in SC [Lucas & Warren Counties]. | NE, SC | Yes | No | . |
| Verbena hastata | L. | . | Blue vervain | . | . | . | . | Marshes. Moist prairies. Streambanks. | Common throughout the state. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Verbena simplex | Lehm. | . | . | . | . | . | . | Often sandy, dry soil. | Frequent in NE & in extreme E. Infrequent in SE. Rare in C [Story County] & in NW [Lyon County (1928)]. | NE, NW, EC, C, SE | Yes | Yes | . |
| Verbena stricta | Vent. | . | Hoary vervain | . | . | . | . | Dry prairies. Roadsides. Dry pastures. Loess bluffs. | Common throughout the state. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Verbena urticifolia | L. | . | White vervain | . | . | . | . | Openings in woods. Streambanks. Low woods. Disturbed areas. | Frequent to common throughout the state. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Scientific Name [Eilers & Roosa] |
Author [Eilers & Roosa] |
Subspecific Category [Eilers & Roosa] |
Common Name |
Family [FNA] |
Scientific Name [FNA] |
Author [FNA] |
Subspecific Category [FNA] |
Habitat | Abundance & Distribution |
Geographic Areas of Iowa Occupied |
US Native? |
IA Native? |
Special Notes |
| Hybanthus concolor | (T. F. Forster) Sprengel | . | Green violet | . | . | . | . | Algific talus slopes. | Rare in C [Boone County], NE [Allamakee, Clayton, Dubuque, & Winneshiek Counties], & EC [Jones County]. | NE, EC, C | Yes | Yes | . |
| Viola X bernardii | Greene | . | . | . | . | . | . | Prairies & woodland margins. | Rare in C, NC, E, & SC. | NE, NC, EC, C, SE, SC | Yes | Yes | = Viola pedatifida G. Don X Viola sororia Willd. |
| Viola X napae | House | . | . | . | . | . | . | Lawns. | Rare in C [Story County (1946)] & in SE [Muscatine County (1924)]. | C, SE | Yes | Yes | = Viola pratincola Greene X V. sororia Willd. |
| Viola X sublanceolata | House | . | . | . | . | . | . | Sandy marshes. | Rare in EC [Jones County] & in SE [Muscatine County (1935)]. | EC, SE | Yes | Yes | = Viola lanceolata L. X V. macloskeyi Lloyd |
| Viola adunca | J. E. Sm. | . | . | . | . | . | . | Algific talus slopes. | Rare in NE [Allamakee County]. | NE | Yes | Yes | . |
| Viola canadensis | L. | var. rugulosa (Greene) C. L. Hitchc. | . | . | . | . | . | Moist, wooded slopes. Algific talus slopes. | Infrequent to rare throughout most of the state. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Viola incognita | Brainerd | . | . | . | . | . | . | Low, moist woods. | Rare in NE [Allamakee & Winneshiek Counties] & in SE [Muscatine County (1935)]. | NE, SE | Yes | Yes | . |
| Viola lanceolata | L. | . | Lance-leaved violet | . | . | . | . | Moist, sandy areas. | Rare in E [Benton, Buchanan, Cedar, Johnson, Jones, Linn, Muscatine (1923), & Scott Counties]. | NE, EC, SE | Yes | Yes | . |
| Viola macloskeyi | Lloyd | ssp. pallens (Banks ex DC.) M. S. Baker | . | . | . | . | . | Wet, sandy areas. Fens. | Rare in E & in NW [Dickinson County]. | NE, NW, EC, SE | Yes | Yes | . |
| Viola missouriensis X V. sororia | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | Moist woods. | Rare in C [Boone & Story Counties], EC [Benton & Clinton Counties], & in SE [Jefferson (1933) & Van Buren Counties]. | EC, C, SE | Yes | Yes | = Viola missouriensis Greene X V. sororia Willd. |
| Viola missouriensis | Greene | . | . | . | . | . | . | Moist, often sandy, alluvial woods. | Frequent in extreme E. Infrequent to rare in remainder of the E 1/2 of the state. | NE, NC, EC, C, SE, SC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Viola nephrophylla X V. sororia | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | Moist woods. | Rare in EC [Clinton & Johnson Counties]. | EC | Yes | Yes | = Viola nephrophylla Greene X V. sororia Willd. |
| Viola nephrophylla | Greene | . | Bog violet | . | . | . | . | Low prairies. Marshes. Fens. | Infrequent throughout much of the state. Rare in NC & SW. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Viola pedata | L. | . | Bird's-foot violet | . | . | . | . | Prairie remnants. | Common in Paleozoic Plateau. Frequent in SW. Infrequent elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | E&R includes 2 varieties: var. pedata & var. lineariloba DC. |
| Viola pedatifida | G. Don | . | Prairie violet | . | . | . | . | Prairie remnants. Dry, rocky ridges. | Common in NW & in NC. Frequent to infrequent elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Viola pratincola X V. pedatifida | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | Sandy, wooded slopes. | Rare in C, WC, NW, & in E. | NE, NW, EC, C, WC, SE | Yes | Yes | = Viola pratincola Greene X V. pedatifida G. Don |
| Viola pratincola | Greene | . | Common blue violet | . | . | . | . | Moist woods. Roadsides. Waste places. | Infrequent in NW & in extreme E. Frequent to common elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Viola pubescens | Aiton | . | Downy yellow violet | . | . | . | . | Moist, wooded slopes. Low, sandy woods. | Absent from NW & NC. Rare to infrequent elsewhere. | NE, EC, C, WC, SE, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Viola rafinesquii | Greene | . | Wild pansy | . | . | . | . | Usually disturbed, sandy soil. | Rare in C, SE, & SC. | C, SE, SC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Viola renifolia | Gray | . | Kidney-leaved violet | . | . | . | . | Algific talus slopes. | Rare in NE [Allamakee, Clayton, Dubuque, & Winneshiek Counties]. | NE | Yes | Yes | . |
| Viola sagittata X V. pedatifida | . | . | . | . | . | . | . | Moist or sandy areas. | Rare in EC [Johnson County] or in SE [Muscatine County]. | EC, SE | Yes | Yes | = Viola sagittata Aiton X V. pedatifida G. Don. |
| Viola sagittata | Aiton | . | Arrow-leaved violet | . | . | . | . | Moist, low, sandy areas. Moist prairie remnants. | Rare to infrequent in E & in SC. Rare in NW [Lyon County (1896)]. | NE, NW, EC, SE, SC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Viola sororia | Willd. | . | Hairy blue violet | . | . | . | . | Alluvial woods. Moist, upland woods. Woodland edges. | Common throughout the state. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Viola striata | Aiton | . | . | . | . | . | . | Moist woods. | Rare in SE [Jefferson & Van Buren Counties]. | SE | Yes | Yes | . |
| Viola tricolor | L. | . | Garden pansy | . | . | . | . | Disturbed soil near dwellings. | Rare escapee from cultivation. | All | No | No | . |
| Viola viarum | Pollard | . | Plains violet | . | . | . | . | Sandy soil. Loess. | Rare in S 1/2 of the state. | EC, C, WC, SE, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Scientific Name [Eilers & Roosa] |
Author [Eilers & Roosa] |
Subspecific Category [Eilers & Roosa] |
Common Name |
Family [FNA] |
Scientific Name [FNA] |
Author [FNA] |
Subspecific Category [FNA] |
Habitat | Abundance & Distribution |
Geographic Areas of Iowa Occupied |
US Native? |
IA Native? |
Special Notes |
| Ampelopsis cordata | Michx. | . | Raccoon grape | . | . | . | . | Wooded bluffs. | Rare in SE [Lee County] & in SW [Fremont County (1898)]. | SE, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Parthenocissus quinquefolia | (L.) Planchon | . | Virginia creeper | . | . | . | . | Moist-to-dry upland & alluvial woods. | Frequent in NW. Rare in NC. Common elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Parthenocissus vitacea | (Knerr) A. S. Hitchc. | . | Woodbine | . | . | . | . | Wooded slopes. Sandy areas. Wooded borders. | Frequent to common throughout most of the state. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Vitis aestivalis | Michx. | . | Summer grape | . | . | . | . | Moist woods. Openings. | Rare in E [Clayton, Dubuque, Fayette, Jackson, Jones, Lee, & Louisa Counties]. | NE, EC, SE | Yes | Yes | E&R includes 2 varieties: var. aestivalis & var. argentifolia (Munson) Fern. |
| Vitis cinerea | Engelm. | . | Winter grape, fox grape | . | . | . | . | Often sandy, low woods. | Rare in S. | SE, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Vitis riparia | Michx. | . | Riverbank grape | . | . | . | . | Woodland edges. Along streams. | Common throughout the state. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Vitis vulpina | L. | . | Frost grape | . | . | . | . | Wooded bluffs. | Rare in C [Poweshiek County], SE [Lee & Van Buren Counties], & in SC [Decatur (1942) & Mahaska Counties]. | C, SE, SC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Scientific Name [Eilers & Roosa] |
Author [Eilers & Roosa] |
Subspecific Category [Eilers & Roosa] |
Common Name |
Family [FNA] |
Scientific Name [FNA] |
Author [FNA] |
Subspecific Category [FNA] |
Habitat | Abundance & Distribution |
Geographic Areas of Iowa Occupied |
US Native? |
IA Native? |
Special Notes |
| Tribulis terrestris | L. | . | Puncture-weed, caltrop | . | . | . | . | Sandy soil. | Infrequent in S 1/2. Rare in NW [Emmet, Plymouth, & Sioux Counties]. | NW, EC, C, WS, SE, SC, SW | No | No | . |