E & R Dicots

Iowa's native and naturalized dicots.

The following information is sorted in ascending order alphabetically by "Family".

The following Salicaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]

Author
[Eilers & Roosa]

Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]

Common
Name

Family
[FNA]

Scientific
Name
[FNA]

Author
[FNA]

Subspecific
Category
[FNA]

Habitat

Abundance & Distribution

Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied

US
Native?

IA
Native?

Special
Notes

Salicaceae

Salix X fragilis

FNA [7:42-43]: See the discussion of this hybrid [S. alba X S. euxina] under Salix alba.

Grey willow

Salicaceae

Salix cinerea

FNA [7:132]: Introduced native of Eurasia. Not listed in E&R from Iowa.

Hungry willow

Salicaceae

Salix famelica

(C.R. Ball)Argus

Yes

FNA [7:121]. Not listed in E&R from Iowa.

Osier willow

Salicaceae

Salix viminalis

FNA [7:149]: Introduced native of Europe. Not listed in E&R from Iowa.

Populus X rouleauiana

Boivin

Salicaceae

Populus X rouleauiana

Boivin

Moist, upland woods.

Infrequent to rare in E 1/2.

NE, NC, EC, C, SE, SC

Populus alba

Silver poplar

Salicaceae

Populus alba

Roadside. Fencerows. Fields.

Infrequent escapee from cultivation throughout.

All

FNA [7:20]: See discussion of this taxon under Populus grandientata.

Populus balsamifera

Balsam poplar

Salicaceae

Populus balsamifera

Moist woods. Woodland edges.

Rare escapee from cultivation in N.

NE, NC, NW

FNA 7:14

Populus deltoides

Bartram ex Marsh.

ssp. monilifera (Aiton) Eckenw.

Salicaceae

Populus deltoides

Bartram ex Marsh.

ssp. monilifera (Aiton) Eckenw.

Moist habitats, usually alluvium.

Infrequent in W.

NW, WC, SW

Yes

See P. deltoides ssp. deltoides. FNA 7:17 reports ssp. deltoides and monilifera in IA.

Populus deltoides

Bartram ex Marsh

ssp. deltoides

Cottonwood

Salicaceae

Populus deltoides

Bartram ex Marsh

ssp. deltoides

Moist habitats, usually on alluvium. Occasionally on upland slopes.

Common throughout.

All

Yes

see P. deltoides ssp monilifera. FNA 7:17 reports ssp. deltoides and monilifera in IA.

Populus grandidentata

Michx.

Big-tooth aspen

Salicaceae

Populus grandidentata

Michx.

Moist-to-dry, usually upland woods.

Frequent to common in NC, NE, & EC. Rare in SE.

NE, NC, EC, SE

Yes

FNA 7:20

Populus nigra

var. italica Moench

Lombardy poplar

Salicaceae

Populus nigra

var. italica Moench

Waste ground near habitations.

Occasionally persists from cultivation.

All

FNA [7:17]: "Most individuals of Eurasian P. nigra cultivated in North America are Lombardy poplars (cv. Italica)"

Populus tremuloides

Michx.

Quaking aspen

Salicaceae

Populus tremuloides

Michx.

Open woods. Moist prairies. Woodland edges.

Frequent to common in N 1/2. Infrequent to frequent in S 1/2.

All

Yes

FNA [7:22]

Salix X subsericea

(Andersson) Schneider

Salicaceae

Salix X subsericea

(Andersson) Schneider

Gravelly soil.

Rare in NW [Emmet County].

Yes

= Salix petiolaris X S. sericea. FNA [7:153] mentions this hybrid, but does not include it in IA.

Salix alba

White willow

Salicaceae

Salix alba

Moist ground. Roadsides.

Infrequent to rare escapee from cultivation throughout.

All

FNA [7:42]: Not in IA.

Salix amygdaloides

Andersson

Peach-leaved willow

Salicaceae

Salix amygdaloides

Andersson

Along streams.

Frequent in NE 1/4. Common elsewhere.

All

Yes

FNA [7:37]

Salix babylonica

Weeping willow

Salicaceae

Salix babylonica

Moist or sandy habitats near dwellings.

Rarely persists from cultivation.

All

FNA [7: 40]: See discussion in FNA. Not in IA.

Salix bebbiana

Sarg.

Beaked willow

Salicaceae

Salix bebbiana

Sarg.

Moist ground. North-facing talus slopes. Fens.

Infrequent in NE 1/4. Rare in NC & extreme E.

NE, NC, EC, C, SE

Yes

FNA [7:134]

Salix candida

Fluegge ex Willd.

Sage willow, hoary willow

Salicaceae

Salix candida

Fluegge ex Willd.

Calcareous aquatic habitats. Fens.

Rare in NE 1/3.

NE, NC, EC

Yes

FNA [7:141]

Salix discolor

Muhl.

Pussy willow

Salicaceae

Salix discolor

Muhl.

Streambanks. Low prairies. Marsh edges.

Common in NC & NE. Infrequent to rare elsewhere.

All

Yes

FNA [7:126]

Salix exigua

Nutt.

ssp. interior (Rowlee) Cronq.

Sandbar willow

Salicaceae

Salix interior

Rowlee

Streambanks. Sandbars. Alluvial bottoms.

Common throughout.

All

Yes

FNA [7:56]

Salix fragilis

Crack willow

Salicaceae

Salix euxina

Belyaeva

Lakeshores & other moist habitats.

Infrequent to frequent escapee from cultivation throughout.

All

FNA [7:43]: Not in IA. Reported from Ontario & Quebec only.

Salix humilis

Marsh.

Prairie willow

Salicaceae

Salix humilis

Marsh.

Prairie remnants.

Frequent to common throughout.

All

Yes

E&R includes 3 varieties: var. humulis, var. hyporhysa Fern. & var. microphylla (Andersson) Fern. FNA [7:129]: reports var. humilis and var. tristis with only the former being in IA.

Salix lucida

Muhl.

Shining willow

Salicaceae

Salix lucida

Muhl.

Low, moist ground. Lakeshores. Streambanks. Fens.

Rare in N.

NE, NC, NW

Yes

FNA [7:46]

Salix nigra

Marsh.

Black willow

Salicaceae

Salix nigra

Marsh.

Streambanks. Lake margins. Alluvial woods.

Infrequent in NW & extreme E. Common elsewhere.

All

Yes

FNA [7:86]

Salix pedicellaris

Pursh

Bog willow

Salicaceae

Salix pedicellaris

Pursh

Fens. Peat lands.

Rare in NC & NE.

NE, NC

Yes

FNA [7:83]

Salix pentandra

Bay-leaved willow

Salicaceae

Salix pentandra

Waste ground. Disturbed, moist ground near dwellings.

Rarely persists from cultivation.

All

FNA [7:44]

Salix petiolaris

Smith

Salicaceae

Salix petiolaris

Smith

Moist prairie remnants. Marsh edges. Fens.

Common in NC & NE. Rare in EC & SE.

NE, NC, EC, SE

Yes

FNA [7:152]

Salix purpurea

Purple willow

Salicaceae

Salix purpurea

Disturbed soil near dwellings.

Rare escapee from cultivation.

All

FNA [7:162]

Salix rigida

Muhl.

Salicaceae

Salix eriocephala

Michx.

Streambanks. Wet lowlands. Ditches.

Frequent to common throughout.

All

Yes

E&R includes 4 varieties: var. rigida, var. angustata (Pursh) Fern., var. watsonii (Bebb) Cronq., & var. vestita Andersson. FNA [7:120] considers all, but S. rigida var. watsonii to be synonyms of S. eriochephala. FNA considers S. rigida var. watsonii to be a synonym of S. lutea Nutt. & to be absent from IA.

Salix sericea

Marsh.

Silky willow

Salicaceae

Salix sericea

Marsh.

Streambanks. Marsh edges. Fens.

Rare in E.

NE, EC, SE

Yes

FNA [7:157]

The following Santalaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]

Author
[Eilers & Roosa]

Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]

Common
Name

Family
[FNA]

Scientific
Name
[FNA]

Author
[FNA]

Subspecific
Category
[FNA]

Habitat

Abundance & Distribution

Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied

US
Native?

IA
Native?

Special
Notes

Comandra umbellata

(L.) Nutt.

Bastard toadflax

Prairie remnants. Openings in upland woods.

Common throughout.

All

Yes

The following Sarraceniaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]

Author
[Eilers & Roosa]

Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]

Common
Name

Family
[FNA]

Scientific
Name
[FNA]

Author
[FNA]

Subspecific
Category
[FNA]

Habitat

Abundance & Distribution

Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied

US
Native?

IA
Native?

Special
Notes

Purple pitcher plant

Sarraceniaceae

Sarracenia purpurea

ssp. purpurea

Yes

This taxon not included in E&R.

The following Saxifragaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]

Author
[Eilers & Roosa]

Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]

Common
Name

Family
[FNA]

Scientific
Name
[FNA]

Author
[FNA]

Subspecific
Category
[FNA]

Habitat

Abundance & Distribution

Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied

US
Native?

IA
Native?

Special
Notes

Chrysosplenium iowense

Rydb.

Golden saxifrage

Saxifragaceae

Chrysosplenium iowense

Rydb.

Algific talus slopes.

Rare in NE [Allamakee, Clayton, Dubuque, Fayette, Howard, & Winneshiek Counties] & in EC [Jackson County].

NE, EC

Yes

Heuchera americana

var. hirsuticaulis (Wheelock) Rosend., Butters, & Lak.

Alumroot

Saxifragaceae

Heuchera americana

var. hirsuticaulis (Wheelock) Rosend., Butters, & Lak.

Prairie remnants.

Rare in SE.

Yes

This taxon is not present in Iowa according to FNA, vol. #8.

Heuchera richardsonii

R. Br.

Alumroot

Saxifragaceae

Heuchera richardsonii

R. Br.

Prairies. Open, rocky woods. Limestone bluffs.

Common in NE 1/4 & in SW. Infrequent to frequent elsewhere.

All

Yes

E&R includes 2 varieties: var. richardsonii & var. hispidior Rosend., Butters, & Lak. FNA, vol. #8 includes no varieties.

Mitella diphylla

Bishop's cap, mitrewort

Saxifragaceae

Mitella diphylla

Wooded, rocky slopes, & bluffs.

Frequent to common in NE 1/4. Infrequent in NC. Rare in SE & in SC.

NE, NC, EC, C, SE, SC

Yes

Mitella nuda

Small bishop's cap

Saxifragaceae

Mitella nuda

Mossy, north-facing, wooded slopes.

Rare in NE [Allamakee County].

Yes

Parnassia glauca

Raf.

Grass of Parnassus

Fens. Wet, calcareous prairies.

Rare in NE 1/2.

NE, NC, NW, EC, C, SE

Yes

FNA [vol. 8] mentions placing this genus in Parnassiaceae. That family will be revised in vol. #12.

Penthorum sedoides

Ditch stonecrop

Penthoraceae

Penthorum sedoides

Marshes. Shores. Moist prairies. Alluvium.

Infrequent in NW. Common elsewhere.

All

Yes

Philadelphus pubescens

Loisel

Mock orange

Upland oak-hickory forest.

Rare in NE [Dubuque County].

Yes

FNA [vol. 8] mentions placing this genus in Hydrangeaceae. That family will be revised in vol. #12.

Ribes americanum

P. Miller

Wild black currant

Grossulariaceae

Ribes americanum

P. Miller

Moist, open woods. Margins of lakes & marshes. Fens.

Frequent in NE 1/4. Infrequent in extreme E & in NW. Rare elsewhere.

All

Yes

Ribes cynosbati

Prickly gooseberry

Grossulariaceae

Ribes cynosbati

Wooded rocky bluffs. Limestone ledges. Moist woods.

Infrequent to rare in NW & in S 1/2. Frequent to common elsewhere.

All

Yes

Ribes hirtellum

Michx.

Grossulariaceae

Ribes hirtellum

Michx.

Moist woods. Fens.

Rare in SE [Van Buren County].

Yes

Ribes hudsonianum

Richardson

Northern currant

Grossulariaceae

Ribes hudsonianum

Richardson

Algific talus slopes.

Rare in NE [Allamakee, Clayton, Delaware, & Dubuque].

Yes

Ribes missouriense

Nutt. ex T&G

Wild gooseberry

Grossulariaceae

Ribes missouriense

Nutt. ex T&G

Open woods. Woodland edges.

Common throughout the state.

All

Yes

Ribes odoratum

Wendl.

Buffalo currant

Grossulariaceae

Ribes aureum

Pursh

var. villosum DC

Thickets. Woodland margins.

Rare in W & in SC.

NW, WC, SC, SW

Yes

Ribes sativum

(Reichenb.) Syme

Garden currant

Grossulariaceae

Ribes rubrum

Waste or disturbed ground.

Rare escapee from cultivation.

All

Saxifraga forbesii

Vasey

Forbes' saxifrage

Saxifragaceae

Micranthes pensylvanica

(L.) Haworth

Moist, limestone ledges. Algific talus slopes.

Frequent in Paleozoic Plateau.

NE, EC

Yes

FNA [8: 67] combines Saxifraga forbesii & S. pensylvanica in Micranthes pensylvanica.

Saxifraga pensylvanica

Swamp saxifrage

Saxifragaceae

Micranthes pensylvanica

(L.) Haworth

Low prairies. Fens.

Frequent in NE 1/4. Rare in SE [Muscatine County] & SC [Monroe County].

NE, NC, EC, C, SE, SC

Yes

FNA [8: 67] combines Saxifraga forbesii & S. pensylvanica in Micranthes pensylvanica.

Sullivantia sullivantii

(T&G) Britton

Saxifragaceae

Sullivantia sullivantii

(T&G) Britton

Moist, shaded, limestone cliffs. Algific talus slopes.

Rare in NE [Allamakee, Clayton, Delaware, Dubuque, & Fayette Counties] & in EC [Jackson, Jones, & Linn Counties].

NE, EC

Yes

The following Scrophulariaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]

Author
[Eilers & Roosa]

Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]

Common
Name

Family
[FNA]

Scientific
Name
[FNA]

Author
[FNA]

Subspecific
Category
[FNA]

Habitat

Abundance & Distribution

Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied

US
Native?

IA
Native?

Special
Notes

Agalinis aspera

(Douglas ex Bentham) Britton

Dry prairie remnants. Loess bluffs. Hill prairies.

Frequent in Iowan Surface & in SW. Infrequent in NE. Rare in NW.

NE, NC, NW, EC, C, SW

Yes

Agalinis gattingeri

(Small) Small

Dry, sandy prairie openings on bluffs.

Rare in C [Webster (1908) County], EC [Jones County], SE [Henry (no date), Jefferson (1935), Lee, & Muscatine Counties], & SC [Decatur (1903) County].

EC, C, SE, SC

Yes

Agalinis paupercula

(Gray) Britton

Moist, open, sandy places. Fens.

Infrequent to rare in NC & in E. Rare in SW [Pottawattamie County (1898)].

NE, NC, EC, SE, SW

Yes

Agalinis purpurea

(L.) Pennell

Moist, open sand.

Absent in SE & in SC. Infrequent to rare elsewhere.

NE, NC, NW, EC, EC, WC, SW

Yes

Agalinis skinneriana

(Wood) Britton

Dry, sandy prairies.

Rare in NE [Allamakee & Dubuque Counties] & in SE [Muscatine County (1922)].

NE, SE

Yes

Agalinis tenuifolia

(Vahl) Raf.

Moist prairies. Marshy ground. Fens. Dry, open woods.

Infrequent in NE & in SE. Rare in NW. Common elsewhere.

All

Yes

E&R includes 3 varieties: var. tenuifolia, var. macrophylla (Bentham) Blake, & var. parviflora (Nutt.) Pennell].

Aureolaria grandiflora

(Bentham) Pennell

var. pulchra Pennell

Yellow false foxglove

Rocky or sandy soil. Openings on dry limestone bluffs.

Frequent in extreme E. Rare in SE & in SC.

NE, EC, SE, SC

Yes

Aureolaria pedicularia

(L.) Raf.

Clammy false foxglove

Dry, sandy woodlands.

Rare in NE [Allamakee County].

Yes

Bacopa rotundifolia

(Michx.) Wettst.

Water hyssop

Shallow, standing water. Muddy shores.

Infrequent in SE & in SC. Rare in NW & in NE.

NE, NW, SE, SC

Yes

Besseya bullii

(Eaton) Rydb.

Kittentails

Dry, sometimes rocky, prairie ridges.

Rare in N & in E.

NE, NC, NW, EC, SE

Yes

Castilleja coccinea

(L.) Sprengel

Indian paintbrush

Rocky & mesic prairies.

Infrequent to rare in NC & in NW [Sioux County].

NC, NW

Yes

Castilleja sessiliflora

Pursh

Downy painted cup

Prairie openings on bluffs. Dry prairie ridges. Tops of loess bluffs.

Infrequent in N 1/2 & in SW.

NE, NC, NW, EC, C, WC, SW

Yes

Chaenorrhinum minus

(L.) Lange

Dwarf snapdragon

Dry sand or gravel. Often along railroads.

Frequent to infrequent in S 1/2. Rare in N 1/2.

All

Chelone glabra

White turtlehead

Marshes. Fens. Shores.

Rare throughout most of the state. Not reported from extreme W.

All

Yes

Chelone obliqua

var. speciosa Pennell & Wherry

Pink turtlehead

Marshy ground.

Rare in NC [Mitchell County], EC (Clinton (1930) & Scott Counties], & SE [Des Moines, Lee (1898), & Muscatine (1894) Counties].

NC, EC, SE

Yes

Collinsia verna

Nutt.

Blue-eyed Mary

Moist woods.

Rare in SE [Jefferson (1896) & Washington Counties].

Yes

Dasistoma macrophylla

(Nutt.) Raf.

Dry, wooded, calcareous bluffs.

Infrequent SE & SC.

SE, SC

Yes

Gratiola neglecta

Torrey

Hedge hyssop

Marshes. Low, sandy areas. Streambanks. Moist prairies remnants.

Frequent in SC. Infrequent to rare elsewhere.

All

Yes

Gratiola virginiana

Muddy shores. Shallow, standing water in sandy areas.

Rare in SE [Lee & Muscatine Counties] & in SC [Decatur County (1900)].

SE, SC

Leucospora multifida

(Michx.) Nutt.

Moist sandy soil.

Rare in E [Fayette (1894), Lee (no date, but probably 1890s), Louisa, Muscatine, & Scott Counties].

NE, EC, SE

Yes

Linaria canadensis

(L.) Dum.-Cours.

Toadflax

Dry, open, sandy soil.

Infrequent in E.

NE, EC, SE

Yes

Linaria macedonica

Griseb.

Disturbed areas.

Rare escapee from cultivation in SC [Madison County (1942)].

Linaria vulgaris

Hill

Butter & eggs

Roadsides. Fields. Woodland edges. Disturbed soil.

Frequent in SE & in SW. Infrequent elsewhere.

All

Lindernia anagallidea

(Michx.) Pennell

False pimpernel

Marshes. Sandy alluvium.

Rare in W 2/3.

NC, NW, C, WC, SC, SW

Yes

Lindernia dubia

(L.) Pennell

Clear, shallow pools. Wet soil. Streambanks.

Common in S 1/2 & in extreme E. Frequent in Paleozoic Plateau. Rare elsewhere.

All

Yes

Mimulus alatus

Aiton

Winged monkey flower

Wet alluvium.

Rare in SE & in SC.

SE, SC

Yes

Mimulus glabratus

HBK.

var. fremontii (Bentham) Grant

Yellow monkey flower

Shallow water of cold spings. Slowly flowing streams. Fens.

Rare in N, E, & SW.

NE, NC, NW, EC, SE, SW

Yes

Mimulus ringens

Monkey flower

Muddy lakeshores. Moist, alluvial woods.

infrequent in NW. Common elsewhere.

All

Yes

E&R includes 2 varieties: var. ringens & var. minthodes (Greene) Grant.

Pedicularis canadensis

Lousewort

Prairie remnants. Woodland openings.

Infrequent to rare in W. Frequent to common elsewhere.

All

Yes

E&R includes 2 varieties: var. canadensis & var. dobbsii Fern.

Pedicularis lanceolata

Michx.

Swamp lousewort

Marshes. Fens. Prairie swales. Wet sand.

Frequent to common in NE 1/4. Rare in NW & in S 1/2.

All

Yes

Penstemon albidus

Nutt.

Beardtongue

Loess bluffs. Dry prairies.

Rare in NW [Lyon, Plymouth, & Sioux Counties].

Yes

Penstemon cobaea

Nutt.

Beardtongue

Loess bluffs.

Rare in SW [Fremont County].

Yes

Penstemon digitalis

Nutt.

Foxglove penstemon

Roadsides. Sandy prairies. Sandy openings.

Frequent in SE. Rare in NE, EC, SC, & SW.

NE, EC, SE, SC, SW

Yes

Penstemon gracilis

Nutt.

Beardtongue

Dry prairie slopes.

Rare in WC [Harrison County] & in NW [Lyon County].

NW, WC

Yes

Penstemon grandiflorus

Nutt.

Large-flowered beardtongue

Sandy soil. Loess bluffs. Dry slopes.

Frequent to common in Loess Hills & in sandy areas of C and E.

NE, NW, EC, C, WC, SE, SW

Yes

Penstemon pallidus

Small

Pale beardtongue

Open, sandy fields. Open, dry woods.

Frequent in SE. Rare in extreme E & in SC.

NE, EC, SE, SC

Yes

Penstemon tubiflorus

Nutt.

Beardtongue

Prairies. Dry woods.

Rare in C [Story County], EC [Iowa & Linn Counties], SE [Jefferson County (1932)], & SC [Clarke County].

C, SE, SC

Yes

Scrophularia lanceolata

Pursh

Loess bluffs. Dry prairie remnants. Openings in upland woods.

Frequent to common in N & in extreme E. Infrequent to rare elsewhere.

All

Yes

Scrophularia marilandica

Open woods. Sandy roadsides.

Infrequent in NW. Frequent to common elsewhere.

All

Yes

Tomanthera auriculata

(Michx.) Raf.

Moist prairie remnants.

Rare in E & in SC.

NE, EC, SE, SC

Yes

Verbascum blattaria

Moth mullein

Roadsides. Disturbed prairies. Waste places.

Frequent in NC. Infrequent in SE & in SC. Rare in NW.

NC, NW, SE, SC

Verbascum lychnitis

White mullein

Prairie openings.

Rare in SC [Madison County (1917)].

Verbascum phlomoides

Roadsides. Pastures. Disturbed prairies.

Rare in E, C [Polk County], & WC [Sac County].

NE, EC, C, WC, SE

Verbascum thapsus

Common mullein

Pastures. Roadsides. Waste places.

Common throughout the state.

All

Veronica agrestis

Field speedwell

Lawns.

Rare in NW & in SW [Page County].

NW, SW

Veronica americana

(Raf.) Schwein. ex Bentham

American brookline

Margins & shallow water of swiftly flowing streams.

Rare in NE [Allamakee & Winneshiek Counties] & in SE [Lee (no date, but circa 1887) & Muscatine (pre-1900) Counties].

NE, SE

Yes

Veronica anagallis-aquatica

Water speedwell

Sandy riverbanks. Streambanks. Springs.

Rare in N & in EC.

NE, NC, NW, EC

Veronica arvensis

Corn speedwell

Fields. Roadsides. Sandy soil. Rocky slopes. Pastures.

Frequent to common in SE. Frequent in SW. Infrequent to rare elsewhere.

All

Veronica catenata

Pennell

Water speedwell

Shores. Shallow water.

Frequent in Des Moines lobe. Rar or absent elsewhere.

All

Yes

Veronica officinalis

Common speedwell

Streambanks.

Rare in EC [Clinton County].

Veronica peregrina

Roadsides. Lawns. Yards. Sandy alluvium.

Rare in NW. Frequent to common elsewhere.

All

Yes

E&R includes 2 varieties: var. peregrina & var. xalapensis (HBK.) St. John & Warren.

Veronica persica

Poiret

Lawns. Disturbed habitats.

Rare in NW [Sioux County] & in E [Chickasaw (1926), Johnson (1926), and Van Buren Counties].

NE, NW, EC, SE

Veronica scutellata

Marsh speedwell

Marsh edges.

Rare in EC [Clinton County].

Yes

Veronica serpyllifolia

Open areas. Ravines. Open woodlands.

Infrequent in E.

NE, EC, SE

Veronicastrum virginicum

(L.) Farw.

Culver's root

Moist prairies. Moist, open, upland woods. Woodland borders.

Infrequent in NW. Common elsewhere.

All

Yes

The following Simaroubaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]

Author
[Eilers & Roosa]

Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]

Common
Name

Family
[FNA]

Scientific
Name
[FNA]

Author
[FNA]

Subspecific
Category
[FNA]

Habitat

Abundance & Distribution

Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied

US
Native?

IA
Native?

Special
Notes

Ailanthus altissima

(P. Miller) Swingle

Tree of heaven

Disturbed soil in urban areas.

Frequent in S 1/2. [Spreading from cultivation].

EC, C, WC, SE, SC, SW

The following Solanaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]

Author
[Eilers & Roosa]

Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]

Common
Name

Family
[FNA]

Scientific
Name
[FNA]

Author
[FNA]

Subspecific
Category
[FNA]

Habitat

Abundance & Distribution

Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied

US
Native?

IA
Native?

Special
Notes

Datura stramonium

Jimsonweed

Farmyards. Often sandy, disturbed areas.

Frequent in S 1/2. Infrequent to rare in N 1/2.

All

E&R includes 2 varieties: var. stramonium & var. tatula (L.) Torrey

Lycium halimifolium

P. Miller

Matrimony vine

Waste ground. Disturbed soil.

Infrequent to rare escapee in S 1/2 of the state.

EC, C, WC, SE, SC, SW

Lycopersicon esculentum

P. Miller

Tomato

Sandy, cultivated ground.

Not persisting from cultivation.

All

Nicandra physalodes

(L.) Gaertner

Apple of Peru

Woodland edges.

Rare in C [Story County], in NE [Allamakee County], & in SE [Keokuk & Muscatine Counties].

NE, C, SE

Petunia axillaris

(Lam.) BSP

Petunia

Disturbed soil near dwellings.

Rare escapee from cultivation.

All

Physalis heterophylla

Nees

Ground cherry

Disturbed prairies. Roadsides. Sandy, open habitats.

Frequent to common throughout the state.

All

Yes

Physalis ixocarpa

Brotero ex Hornem.

Tomatillo

Disturbed, sandy soil

Rare escapee from cultivation.

All

Physalis pubescens

var. integrifolia (Dunal) Waterfall

Strawberry tomato

Edges of fields.

Rare escapee from cultivation.

All

E&R include 2 varieties: var. pubescens & var.integrifolia (Dunal) Waterfall.

Physalis pubescens

var. pubescens

Annual ground cherry

Waste ground. Disturbed soil.

Rare throughout the state.

All

Yes

E&R include 2 varieties: var. pubescens & var.integrifolia (Dunal) Waterfall.

Physalis virginiana

P. Miller

Ground cherry

Prairie remnants. Disturbed, sandy soil.

All

Yes

E&R includes 3 varieties: var. virginiana, var. subglabrata (Mack. & Bush) Waterfall, & var. sonorae (Torrey) Waterfall.

Solanum americanum

P. Miller

Black nightshade

Roadsides. Fields. Waste places.

Common throughout.

All

Yes

Solanum carolinense

Horse nettle

Fields. Roadsides. Along railroads. Waste ground.

Infrequent to rare in NE. Common elsewhere.

All

Yes

Solanum dulcamara

European bittersweet

Roadsides. Alluvium. Waste ground.

Infrequent in SC. Rare in NC, in extreme E, & in SE. Spreading throughout.

All

Solanum interius

Rydb.

Plains black nightshade

Floodplain woods.

Rare in WC [Harrison County].

Yes

Solanum rostratum

Dunal

Buffalo bur

Farmyards. Roadsides. Disturbed soil.

Frequent to common in W 1/2 & in SE. Infrequent to rare in NE.

NE, NC, NW, C, WC, SE, SC, SW

Yes

The following Staphyleaceae are native or naturalized in Iowa.

Scientific
Name
[Eilers & Roosa]

Author
[Eilers & Roosa]

Subspecific Category
[Eilers & Roosa]

Common
Name

Family
[FNA]

Scientific
Name
[FNA]

Author
[FNA]

Subspecific
Category
[FNA]

Habitat

Abundance & Distribution

Geographic Areas of
Iowa Occupied

US
Native?

IA
Native?

Special
Notes

Staphylea trifolia

Bladdernut

Moist, rocky, wooded slopes.

Rare in NW & in NC. Frequent to common elsewhere.

All

Yes

In this category a total of 122 dicots were recorded from the state of Iowa.

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