| Scientific Name [Eilers & Roosa] |
Author [Eilers & Roosa] |
Subspecific Category [Eilers & Roosa] |
Common Name |
Family [FNA] |
Scientific Name [FNA] |
Author [FNA] |
Subspecific Category [FNA] |
Habitat | Abundance & Distribution |
Geographic Areas of Iowa Occupied |
US Native? |
IA Native? |
Special Notes |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Ambrosia tomentosa | Nutt. | . | . | . | . | . | . | Eilers & Roosa does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Amphiachyris dracunculoides | (DC) Nutt. | . | . | . | . | . | . | Eilers & Roosa does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Antennaria howellii | Greene | ssp. neodioica (Greene) Bayer & Stebbins | . | . | . | . | . | Eilers & Roosa does not include this plant in Iowa. [= Antennaria neglecta Greene var. attenuata (Fern.) Cronq. & var. neodioica (Greene) Cronq. |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Antennaria parlinii | Fern. | . | . | . | . | . | . | FNA includes 2 subspecies in Iowa: ssp. fallax (Greene) Bayer & Stebbins and ssp. parlinii. Eilers & Roosa does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Antennaria parvifolia | Nutt. | . | . | . | . | . | . | Eilers & Roosa does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Aster tartaricus | L. f. | . | . | . | . | . | . | Eilers & Roosa does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Carduus crispus | L. | . | . | . | . | . | . | Eilers & Roosa does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Carthamus tinctorus | L. | . | . | . | . | . | . | Eilers & Roosa does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Crepis acuminata | Nutt. | . | . | . | . | . | . | Eilers & Roosa does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Crepis capillaris | (L.) Wallroth | . | . | . | . | . | . | Eilers & Roosa does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Euthamia gymnospermoides | Greene | . | . | . | . | . | . | Eilers & Roosa does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Gnaphalium uliginosum | L. | . | . | . | . | . | . | Eilers & Roosa does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Helianthus X laetiflorus | Persoon | . | . | . | . | . | . | [= Helianthus pauciflorus X H. tuberosus] Eilers & Roosa does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Helianthus angustifolius | L. | . | . | . | . | . | . | Eilers & Roosa does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Helianthus microcephalus | T&G | . | . | . | . | . | . | Eilers & Roosa does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Helianthus nuttallii | T&G | ssp. rydbergii (Britton) Long | . | . | . | . | . | Eilers & Roosa does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Heterotheca stenophylla | (Gray) Shinners | var. stenophylla | . | . | . | . | . | Eilers & Roosa does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Heterotheca subaxillaris | (Lam.) Britton & Rusby | ssp. latifolia (Buckley) Semple | . | . | . | . | . | Eilers & Roosa does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Hieracium piloselloides | Villars | . | . | . | . | . | . | Eilers & Roosa does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Madia glomerata | Hooker | . | . | . | . | . | . | Eilers & Roosa does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Prenanthes crepidinea | Michx. | . | . | . | . | . | . | Eilers & Roosa does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Solidago altissima | L. | . | . | . | . | . | . | E&R include 4 varieties w/in S. canadensis: var. canadensis, var. gilvocanescens Rydb., var. hargeri Fern., var scabra (Muhl.) T&G. FNA lists only var. hargeri Fern. in Iowa. FNA segregates var. gilvocanescens Rydb. as S. altissima ssp. gilvocanescens |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Solidago mollis | Bartling | . | . | . | . | . | . | Eilers & Roosa does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichum firmum | (Nees) Nesom | . | . | . | . | . | . | FNA lists Aster firmus Nees, A. lucidulus (Gray) Wiegand & A. puniceus L. var. firmus (Nees) T&G as synonyms. E&R includes A. lucidulus (Gray) Wieg. as a synonym for A. puniceus L. |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichum racemosum | (Elliot) Nesom | . | . | . | . | . | . | Eilers & Roosa does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichum urophyllum | (Lindl. ex DC) Nesom | . | . | . | . | . | . | Eilers & Roosa does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| . | . | . | . | Asteraceae | Verbesina helianthoides | Michx. | . | . | . | . | . | . | Eilers & Roosa does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| Achillea millefolium | L. | ssp. lanulosa (Nutt.) Piper | Western yarrow | Asteraceae | Achillea millefolium | L. | . | Disturbed ground. Prairie remnants. Dry, open, sandy areas. | Common throughout. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Ambrosia artemisiifolia | L. | . | Common ragweed | Asteraceae | Ambrosia artemissifolia | L. | . | Dry, disturbed, open ground. | Common throughout the state. | All | yes | yes | 2 varieties in E&R: var. artemisiifolia & var elatior (L.) Descourt. No vars. in FNA. |
| Ambrosia bidentata | Michx. | . | . | Asteraceae | Ambrosia bidentata | Michx. | . | Fields and waste ground. | Rare in SE [Jefferson and Van Buren Counties]. Rare in SC [Monroe County (1949)]. | SE, SC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Ambrosia psilostachya | DC. | . | Western ragweed | Asteraceae | Ambrosia psilostachya | DC. | . | Roadsides. Dry, sandy soil. Loess bluffs. | Common in SW and in Loess Hills. Infrequent to rare elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | 2 varieties in E&R: var. psilostachya & var. coronopifolia (T&G) Farw. |
| Ambrosia trifida | L. | . | Giant ragweed | Asteraceae | Ambrosia trifida | L. | . | Open alluvium. Disturbed soil. | Common throughout the state. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Anaphalis margaritacea | (L.) Bentham & Hooker | . | Pearly everlasting | Asteraceae | Anaphalis margaritacea | (L.) Bentham & Hooker | . | Dry open places. | Rare in NE [Black Hawk (1892), Clayton, and Fayette (circa 1897) Counties]. Rare in EC [Linn County (1933)]. | NE, EC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Antennaria neglecta | Greene | . | Pussytoes | Asteraceae | Antennaria neglecta | Greene | . | Dry prairies. Loess bluffs. Dry, open, upland woods. | Infrequent in SW. Frequent to common elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Antennaria plantaginifolia | (L.) Richardson | . | Ladies' tobacco | Asteraceae | Antennaria plantaginifolia | (L.) Hooker | . | Prairies. Pastures. Dry, open woods. | Rare to infrequent in SW. Common elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Anthemis arvensis | L. | . | Field chamomile | Asteraceae | Anthemis arvensis | L. | . | Disturbed habitats. | Rare in C [Poweshiek and Webster (1903) Counties]. | C | No | No | . |
| Anthemis cotula | L. | . | Dog fennel | Asteraceae | Anthemis cotula | L. | . | Farmyards. Pastures. Roadsides. Other disturbed habitats. | Frequent to common throughout. | All | No | No | . |
| Anthemis tinctoria | L. | . | . | Asteraceae | Cota tinctoria | (L.) Gay ex Gussone | . | Roadside escapee from cultivation. | Rare in NE [Clayton County (1929)] | NE | No | No | . |
| Arctium lappa | L. | . | Great burdock | Asteraceae | Arctium lappa | L. | . | Disturbed, wooded areas. | Rare in NC [Floyd County]. Rare in SE [Des Moines County]. | NC, SE | No | No | . |
| Arctium minus | Bernh. | . | Common burdock | Asteraceae | Arctium minus | (Hill) Bernh. | . | Disturbed ground. Roadsides. Pastures. | Frequent to common throughout the state. | All | No | No | . |
| Arctium tomentosum | Miller | . | . | Asteraceae | Arctium tomentosum | Miller | . | Waste area. | Rare in NW [Emmet County (1923)] | NW | No | No | . |
| Artemisia abrotanum | L. | . | . | Asteraceae | Artemisia abrotanum | L. | . | Old gardens. Around dwellings. | Rare in SE [Muscatine County 1892)]. | SE | No | No | . |
| Artemisia absinthium | L. | . | . | Asteraceae | Artemisia absinthium | L. | . | Disturbed prairies. | Rare in NW [Sioux County]. | NW | No | No | . |
| Artemisia annua | L. | . | Annual wormwood | Asteraceae | Artemisia annua | L. | . | Disturbed soil. | Rare in SE and SC. | SE, SC | No | No | . |
| Artemisia biennis | Willd. | . | Biennial wormwood | Asteraceae | Artemisia biennis | Willd. | . | Moist, disturbed soil. | Infrequent to rare throughout. | All | Yes | No | . |
| Artemisia campestris | L. | ssp. caudata (Michx.) Hall & Clem. | Western sagewort | Asteraceae | Artemisia campestris | L. | ssp. caudata (Michx.) Hall & Clem. | Moist, disturbed soil. | Rare to infrequent in W & S. Frequent to common elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Artemisia dracunculus | L. | . | False tarragon | Asteraceae | Artemisia dracunculus | L. | . | Sandy plains. Dry soils. | Infrequent to rare throughout. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Artemisia frigida | Willd. | . | Prairie sagewort | Asteraceae | Artemisia frigida | Willd. | . | Low, gravelly ridge. | Rare in NW [Lyon County]. | NW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Artemisia ludoviciana | Nutt. | . | White sage | Asteraceae | Artemisia ludoviciana | Nutt. | ssp. ludoviciana | Sandy prairie remnants. | Frequent to common throughout the state. | All | Yes | Yes | 2 varieties in E&R: var. ludoviciana & var. gnaphalodes (Nutt.) T&G. |
| Artemisia serrata | Nutt. | . | . | Asteraceae | Artemisia serrata | Nutt. | . | Edges of marshes. Wet ditches. Alluvium. | Rare in E 2/3 of state. | NE, NC, EC, C, SE, SC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Artemisia vulgaris | L. | . | Common mugwort | Asteraceae | Artemisia vulgaris | L. | . | Roadsides. Disturbed ground. Pastures. | Rare in NE [Delaware County]. Rare in EC [Scott County in late 1800s]. | NE, EC | No | No | . |
| Aster X amethystinus | Nutt. | . | . | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichus X amethystinum | (Nutt.) Nesom | . | Prairies. Ditches. | Rare in NC [Butler and Floyd Counties]. Rare in EC [Scott County]. | NE, EC | Yes | Yes | = Aster ericoides [[Symphyotrichum ericoides var. ericoides] X A. novae-angliae [Symphyotrichum novae-angliae] |
| Aster azureus | Lindley | . | Sky-blue aster | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichum oolentangiense | (Riddell) Nesom | . | Dry, open woods. Dry prairies. Roadsides. | Frequent to common in SE 2/3 of state. | NE, NC, EC, C, WC, SE, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Aster brachyactis | Blake | . | Rayless aster | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichum ciliatum | (Ledeb.) Nesom | . | Edges of marshes. Low prairies. | Rare in NC and in lakes area. | NC, NW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Aster cordifolius | L. | . | Blue wood aster | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichum cordifolium | (L.) Nesom | . | Dry, upland woods. | Common in SW. Frequent in E 1/2. | NE, NC, EC, C, SE, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Aster drummondii | Lindley | . | Drummond's aster | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichum drummondii | (Lindley) Nesom | var. drummondii | Dry to mesic woods. Wooded slopes. Disturbed areas in open woods. | Frequent in SE. Infrequent to rare in N and SC. | NE, NC, NW, SE, SC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Aster dumosus | L. | . | Ricebutton aster | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichum dumosum | (L.) Nesom | . | Moist, sandy soil. | Rare in E [Delaware, Johnson, & Louisa Counties]. Rare in SC [Decatur (1903) and Marion Counties]. | NE, EC, SE, SC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Aster ericoides | L. | . | Heath aster, Frost aster | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichum ericoides | (L.) Nesom | var. ericoides | Prairie remnants. Roadsides. | Frequent to common throughout. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Aster falcatus | Lindley | ssp. commmutatus (T&G) A. Gray | . | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichum falcatum | Lindley | var. commutatum (T&G) Nesom | Marshes & lakeshores. | Rare in NW [Clay County (1936) & Palo Alto County (1936)]. | NW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Aster furcatus | Burgess | . | Forked aster | Asteraceae | Eurybia furcata | (Burgess) Nesom | . | Sandy, wooded slopes. Dry woods. | Rare in SE [Muscatine County]. Rare in SC [Madison County (1917)]. | SE, SC. | Yes | Yes | . |
| Aster junciformis | Rydb. | . | Rush aster | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichum boreale | (T&G) Love & Love | . | Marshes & fens. | Rare in N. | NE, NC, NW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Aster laevis | L. | . | Smooth blue aster | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichum laeve | (L.) Nesom | var. laeve | Roadsides. Prairies. Dry, open soil. | Frequent to common througout. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Aster lanceolatus | Willd. | . | Panicled aster | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichum lanceolatum | (Willd.) Nesom | . | Moist shores. Low prairies. Open woods. | Rare to infrequent throughout. | All | Yes | Yes | E&R list 3 subspecies: ssp. lanceolatus, ssp. simplex (Willd.) A.G. Jones, ssp. interior (Wiegand) A.G. Jones. FNA lists 5 varieties: var. lanceolatum, var. hersperium (Gray) Nesom, var. hirsuticaule (Semple & Chmielewski) Nesom, var. interior (Wiegan |
| Aster lateriflorus | (L.) Britton | . | Side-flowered aster. | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichum lateriflorum | (L.) Love & Love | . | Woods. Prairie openings. Pastures. Loess bluffs. | Common in SE. Frequent in NE. Infrequent in SW. | NE, SE, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Aster linariifolius | L. | . | Flax-leaved aster | Asteraceae | Ionactis linariifolia | (L.) Greene | . | Dry soil. Sandy, open woods. | Rare in EC [Clinton County]. Rare in SE [Louisa (1927) & Muscatine (1896) Counties]. | EC, SE | Yes | Yes | . |
| Aster macrophyllus | L. | . | Big-leaved aster | Asteraceae | Eurybia macrophylla | (L.) Cassini | . | Moist, upland woods. | Rare in NE [Winneshiek County]. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Aster novae-angliae | L. | . | New England aster | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichum novae-angliae | (L.) Nesom | . | Prairie swales & other moist habitats. | Frequent to common throughout. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Aster oblongifolius | Nutt. | . | Aromatic aster | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichum oblongifolium | (Nutt.) Nesom | . | Dry, sandy soil. Dry, rocky bluffs. | Common in SW. Frequent to infrequent elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Aster ontarionis | Wieg. | . | Ontario aster | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichum ontarionis | (Wieg.) Nesom | var. ontarionis | Alluvial woods. Low, moist woods. | Frequent to common throughout. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Aster parviceps | (Burgess) Mack. & Bush | . | . | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichum parviceps | (Burgess) Nesom | . | Prairie remnants. Dry, sandy soil. Roadsides. | Frequent to infrequent in SW. Rare in NE. | NE, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Aster pilosus | Willd. | . | Hairy aster | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichum pilosum | (Willd.) Nesom | var. pilosum | Prairie remnants. Woodland openings. Roadsides. | Rare in N 1/2. Common in S 1/2. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Aster praealtus | Poiret | . | Willow aster | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichum praealtum | (Poiret) Nesom | . | var. praealtus: Moist woods. Moist open soil. var. nebraskensis: roadsides. | var. praealtus: Frequent to infrequent in E 1/2 of state. var. nebraskensis: rare in NW [Emmett County (1942)]. | NE, NC, NW, EC, C, SE, SC | Yes | Yes | E&R list 2 varieties: var. praealtus & var. nebraskensis (Britton) Wieg. See FNA [vol. 20, p. 521] for a discussion of varieties. |
| Aster prenanthoides | Muhl. ex Willd. | . | Crooked stem aster | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichum prenanthoides | (Muhl. ex Willd.) Nesom | . | Wooded ravines. Moist, disturbed woods. | Rare to infrequent in E 2/3 of the state. | NE, NC, EC, C, SE, SC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Aster pubentior | Cronq. | . | . | Asteraceae | Doellingeria umbellata | (Miller) Nees | var. pubens (Gray) Britton | Shores of lakes. Marshes. | Rare in C [Jasper County]. | C | Yes | Yes | FNA lists 2 varieties: var. umbellata & var. pubens (Gray) Britton in Iowa. Aster pubentior = Doellingeria umbellata var. pubens. |
| Aster puniceus | L. | . | Swamp aster | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichum puniceum | Love & Love | var. puniceum | Marshy ground. Fens. | Infrequent in Des Moines lobe & in Iowan surface areas. Rare SE [Muscatine County (1927)]. Rare in SC [Decatur County (1903)]. | All | Yes | Yes | E&R list 2 varieties: var. puniceus and var. lucidulus Gray. In FNA list 2 vars. for Symphyotrichum puniceum, but only var. puniceum is listed for Iowa. |
| Aster sagittifolius | Willd. | . | Arrow-leaved aster | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichum cordifolium | (L.) Nesom | . | Dry, upland woods. | Common in S 1/2. Frequent in NE. Rare in NC. | NE, NC, EC, C, WC, SE, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Aster schreberi | Nees | . | Schreber's aster | Asteraceae | Eurybia schreberi | (Nees) Nees | . | Sandy, moist, wooded slopes. | Rare in EC [Scott County (1932)]. Rare in SE [Muscatine County]. | EC, SE | Yes | Yes | . |
| Aster sericeus | Vent. | . | Silky aster | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichum sericeum | (Vent.) Nesom | . | Dry, rocky prairies. Loess bluffs. | Common in W. Frequent to infrequent in E. | NE, NW, EC, WC, SE, SW | Yes | Yes | The above from Eilers and Roosa implies the plant is absent from the center 1/3 of the state. |
| Aster shortii | Lindley | . | . | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichum shortii | (Lindley) Nesom | . | Upland woods. Moist, wooded slopes. | Common in NE. Infrequent in SE. Rare in NC. | NE, NC, SE | Yes | Yes | . |
| Aster turbinellus | Lindley | . | . | Asteraceae | Symphyotrichum turbinellum | (Lindley) Nesom | . | Prairies. Dry, open woods. Woodland edges. | Rare in SE [Lee County]. | SE | Yes | Yes | . |
| Aster umbellatus | Miller | . | Flat-topped aster | Asteraceae | Doellingeria umbellata | Nesom | . | Marshes. Fens. Moist, sandy prairies. | Rare to infrequent throughout. | All | Yes | Yes | FNA lists 2 varieties: Doellingeria umbellata var. umbellata & D. umbellata var. pubens (Gray) Britton. |
| Bidens aristosa | (Michx.) Britton | . | Swamp marigold | Asteraceae | Bidens aristosa | (Michx.) Britton | . | Moist, disturbed areas. | Rare in EC [Iowa (1928) & Scott Counties]. Rare in C [Poweshiek County]. Rare in SE [Des Moines, Jefferson, Keokuk, Muscatine, and Washington Counties | EC, C, SE | Yes | Yes | FNA does not include this plant in IA. PLANTS database includes it IA. |
| Bidens bipinnata | L. | . | Spanish needles | Asteraceae | Bidens bipinnnata | L. | . | Moist, sandy, open habitats. Wooded bluffs. | Rare in SE [Lee and Louisa Counties]. | SE | No | No | . |
| Bidens cernua | L. | . | Nodding bur mariold | Asteraceae | Bidens cernua | L. | . | Mud flats, lakeshores, & streambanks. | Frequent to common throughout. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Bidens connata | Muhl. ex Willd. | . | . | Asteraceae | Bidens connata | Muhl. ex Willd. | . | Marshes, lake margins. Moist, sandy, disturbed areas. | Common in SE. Rare to frequent elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Bidens coronata | (L.) Britton | . | Tickseed sunflower | Asteraceae | Bidens trichosperma | (Michx.) Britton | . | Marshes. Streambanks. Alluvial woods. | Common in SW. Frequent to infrequent elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Bidens discoidea | (T&G) Britton | . | Swamp beggar-ticks | Asteraceae | Bidens discoidea | (T&G) Britton | . | Open, moist soil. Marsh edges. Moist, pastured woods. | Rare in E 1/4 of state. | NE, NC, EC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Bidens frondosa | L. | . | Beggar-ticks | Asteraceae | Bidens frondosa | L. | . | Marshes. Streambanks. Prairie swales. | Common in NC and in lakes area. Rare to infrequent elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Bidens polylepis | Blake | . | . | Asteraceae | Bidens polylepis | Blake | . | Wet depressions. Roadsides. Waste ground. Alluvium. | Common in SW. Rare in NE. Infrequent elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Bidens tripartita | L. | . | . | Asteraceae | Bidens tripartita | L. | . | Marshes. Lake margins. Moist, sandy, disturbed areas. | Common in SE. Rare to infrequent elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Bidens vulgata | Greene | . | Tall beggar-ticks | Asteraceae | Bidens vulgata | Greene | . | Moist lowlands. Ditches. Along lakeshores. | Rare in NW and NE. Frequent to common elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Boltonia asteroides | (L.) L'Her | . | False aster | Asteraceae | Boltonia asteroides | (L.) L'Her | . | Marshes. Prairie swales. Sandy areas. | Common in NC. Infrequent to frequent in S. Also in Dickinson County. | All | Yes | Yes | E&R list 3 varieties: var. asteroides, var. recognita (Fern. & Grisc.) Cronq.& var. latisquama (Gray) Cronq. FNA lists 2 varieties in Iowa: var. recognita (Fern. & Grisc.) Cronq. & var. latisquama (Gray) Cronq. |
| Brickellia eupatorioides | (L.) Shinners | . | False boneset | Asteraceae | Brickellia eupatorioides | (L.) Shinners | . | Dry prairies. Roadsides. Railroad ballast. | Frequent to common throughout. | All | Yes | Yes | E&R list 2 varieties: var. eupatoroides & var. corymbulosa (T&G) Shinners. FNA lists only the latter from Iowa. |
| Cacalia atriplicifolia | L. | . | Indian plantain | Asteraceae | Arnoglossum atriplicifolium | (L.) H. Robinson | . | Moist woods. Moist ditches. Sandy, open areas. | Infrequent to frequent in S 1/2 of state. | EC, C, WC, SE, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | FNA does NOT include this plant in IA. PLANTS database includes the plant in SW IA. |
| Cacalia muhlenbergii | (Sch. Bip.) Fern. | . | Great Indian plantain | Asteraceae | Arnoglossum reniforme | (Hooker) H. Robinson | . | Moist alluvial woods. Algific slopes. | Rare in NE [except frequent in Paleozoic Plateau]. Rare in SE [Muscatine County]. Rare in SW [Cass County]. | NE, EC, SE, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Cacalia plantaginea | (Raf.) Shinners | . | Prairie Indian plantain | Asteraceae | Arnoglossum plantagineum | Raf. | . | Prairie remnants. Loess bluffs. | Common in SW. Infrequent elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Cacalia suaveolens | L. | . | Sweet Indian plantain | Asteraceae | Hasteola suaveolens | (L.) Pojark. | . | Wooded streambanks. Marshes. Fens. | Rare in E 1/2 & in SW. | NE, NC, EC, C, SE, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Carduus acanthoides | L. | . | Plumeless thistle | Asteraceae | Carduus acanthoides | L. | ssp. acanthoides | Disturbed ground. Fields. | Rare in S 1/2. Infrequent in NW. | NW, EC, C, WC, SE, SC, SW | No | No | . |
| Carduus nutans | L. | . | Musk thistle | Asteraceae | Carduus nutans | L. | . | Roadsides. Fallow fields. Overgrazed pastures. | Frequent to common in W 1/2. Rare in E 1/2. | All | No | No | . |
| Centaurea calcitrapa | L. | . | . | Asteraceae | Centaurea calcitrapa | L. | . | Disturbed areas. | Rare in C [Story County]. | C | No | No | . |
| Centaurea cyanus | L. | . | Bachelor's button, cornflower | Asteraceae | Centaurea cyanus | L. | . | Disturbed, open ground. | Rare escapee from cultivation. | All | No | No | . |
| Centaurea diffusa | Lam. | . | . | Asteraceae | Centaurea diffusa | Lam. | . | Adventive along roadsides. | Rare in NW [Sioux County]. | NW | No | No | . |
| Centaurea jacea | L. | . | . | Asteraceae | Centaurea jacea | L. | . | Disturbed areas. | Rare in NW [Cherokee County (1924)]. | NW | No | No | . |
| Centaurea maculosa | Lam. | . | Star thistle | Asteraceae | Centaurea stoebe | L. | ssp. micranthos (Gmelin ex Gugler) Hayek | Disturbed soil. Roadsides. | Infrequent to rare throughout. | All | No | No | . |
| Centaurea moschata | L. | . | . | Asteraceae | Amberboa moschata | (L.) DC. | . | Disturbed areas. | Rare in C [Polk County (1928)]. | C | No | No | FNA distribution shows British Columia only & does NOT include this plant in Iowa. |
| Centaurea nigra | L. | . | Black knapweed | Asteraceae | Centaurea nigra | L. | . | Disturbed soil. | Rare is WC [Calhoun County (1911)]. | WC | No | No | . |
| Centaurea repens | L. | . | . | Asteraceae | Acroptilon repens | (L.) DC | . | Disturbed areas. | Rare in WC [Woodbury County]. Rare in NW [Sioux County (1933)]. | NW, WC | No | No | . |
| Centaurea scabiosa | L. | . | . | Asteraceae | Centaurea scabiosa | L. | . | Disturbed areas. | Rare In WC [Sac County]. Rare in NW [O'Brien County (1944)]. | NW, WC. | No | No | . |
| Centaurea solstitialis | L. | . | Yellow star thistle | Asteraceae | Centaurea solstitialis | L. | . | Fields. Disturbed ground. | Rare in SC & SW. | SC, SW. | No | No | . |
| Cichorium intybus | L. | . | Chicory | Asteraceae | Cichorium intybus | L. | . | Roadsides & farmyards. | Rare in NE. Common elsewhere. | All | No | No | . |
| Cirsium altissimum | (L.) Sprengel | . | Tall thistle | Asteraceae | Cirsium altissimum | (L.) Sprengel | . | Pastures. Open woods. Prairie remanants. Roadsides. | Rare in NE. Infrequent in NW. Common elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Cirsium arvense | (L.) Scop. | . | Canada thistle | Asteraceae | Cirsium arvense | (L.) Scop. | . | Weed of cultivated fields. Pastures. Roadsides. Waste places. | Frequent to common throughout. | All | No | No | . |
| Cirsium discolor | (Muhl. ex Willd.) Sprengel | . | Field thistle | Asteraceae | Cirsium discolor | (Muhl. ex Willd.) Sprengel | . | Open woods. Roadsides. Moist prairie remnants. Disturbed ground. | Frequent to common throughout. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Cirsium flodmanii | (Rydb.) Arthur | . | . | Asteraceae | Cirsium flodmanii | (Rydb.) Arthur | . | Moist prairies. Dry upland pastures. Roadsides. | Common in NW. Frequent in W. Rare in NE. | NE, NW, WC, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Cirsium hillii | (Canby) Fern. | . | . | Asteraceae | Cirsium pumilum | (Nutt.) Sprengel | var. hillii (Canby) B. Boivin | Sandy prairies. Dry prairies. | Not reported in W and S. Rare to infrequent elsewhere. | NE, NC, EC, C. | Yes | Yes | . |
| Cirsium muticum | Michx. | . | Swamp thistle | Asteraceae | Cirsium muticum | Michx | . | Edges of marshes and lakes. Prairie swales. Fens. | Rare in NE 2/3 of state. | NE, NC, NW, EC, C, WC, SE, SC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Cirsium undulatum | (Nutt.) Sprengel | . | . | Asteraceae | Cirsium undulatum | (Nutt.) Sprengel | . | Dry prairies. | Rare in C, NW, EC, SE, & SW. | NW, EC, C, SE, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Cirsium vulgare | (Savi) Tenore | . | Bull thistle | Asteraceae | Cirsium vulgare | (Savi) Tenore | . | Pastures. Disturbed ground. Roadsides. | Frequent to common throughout. | All | No | No | . |
| Conyza canadensis | (L.) Cronq. | . | Horseweed, muletail | Asteraceae | Conyza canadensis | (L.) Cronq. | . | Open, disturbed soil. Pastures. Fields. | Common throughout. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Conyza ramosissima | Cronq. | . | Low horseweed | Asteraceae | Conyza ramosissima | Cronq. | . | Sandy pastures. Farmyards. Roadsides. Disturbed soil. | Rare to infrequent throughout. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Coreopsis grandiflora | Hogg ex Sweet | . | Large-flowered coreopsis | Asteraceae | Coreopsis grandiflora | Hogg ex Sweet | . | Prairie remnants. Roadsides. Open, dry uplands. | Rare escapee from cultivation. | All | Yes | No | . |
| Coreopsis lanceolata | L. | . | Tickseed coreopsis | Asteraceae | Coreopsis lanceolata | L. | . | Prairie remnants. Roadsides. Open, dry uplands. | Rare in SE. | SE | Yes | No | FNA distribution does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| Coreopsis palmata | Nutt. | . | Tickseed, prairie coreopsis | Asteraceae | Coreopsis palmata | Nutt. | . | Prairie remnants. Open woods. | Infrequent in SE. Frequent to common elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Coreopsis tinctoria | Nutt. | . | Golden coreopsis | Asteraceae | Coreopsis tinctoria | Nutt. | . | Railroad ballast. Dry waste places. | Rare escapee from cultivation. Also adventive from west. | All | Yes | No | . |
| Coreopsis tripteris | L. | . | Tall tickseed | Asteraceae | Coreopsis tripteris | L. | . | Prairie remnants. Margins of upland woods. | Infrequent in S 1/2. | EC, C, WC, SE, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Crepis runcinata | (James) T&G | . | Hawksbeard | Asteraceae | Crepis runcinata | (James) T&G | . | Lakeshores. Waste ground. | Rare in NW [Osceola County (1912)]. Rare in NE [Black Hawk County (1921)]. | NW, NE | Yes | No | FNA distribution does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| Crepis tectorum | L. | . | . | Asteraceae | Crepis tectorum | L. | . | Disturbed areas near human dwellings. | Rare escapee from cultivation in WC and C. | C, WC | No | No | . |
| Dyssodia papposa | (Vent.) A.S. Hitchc. | . | Fetid marigold | Asteraceae | Dyssodia papposa | (Vent.) A.S. Hitchc. | . | Loess bluffs. Disturbed, open areas. Prairies. Roadsides. | Infrequent NW & S 1/2 of state. | NW, EC, C, WC, SE, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Echinacea angustifolia | DC. | . | Purple coneflower | Asteraceae | Echinacea angustifolia | DC. | . | Loess bluffs. Dry prairies. | Common in Loess Hills of W. Rare in W & S. | NW, WC, SE, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Echinacea pallida | Nutt. | . | Pale coneflower | Asteraceae | Echinacea pallida | (Nutt.) Nutt. | . | Loess bluffs. Dry prairies. Roadsides. | Common in W. Infrequent elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Echinacea purpurea | (L.) Moench | . | Purple coneflower | Asteraceae | Echinacea purpurea | (L.) Moench | . | Woodland borders. Prairie remnants. | Rare in SE and SC. | SE, SC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Echinops sphaerocephalus | L. | . | Globe thistle | Asteraceae | Echinops sphaerocephalus | L. | . | Roadsides. Disturbed areas. | Rare in NW [Clay County (1923)]. Rare in NE [Bremer County]. | NE, NW | No | No | . |
| Eclipta alba | (L.) Hassk. | . | Yerbo-de-Tajo | Asteraceae | Eclipta prostrata | (L.) L. | . | Floodplains. Muddy shores. Moist, disturbed areas. | Frequent in E 1/2 of state. Rare in NC. | NE, NC, EC, C, SE, SC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Erechtites hieracifolia | (L.) Raf. ex DC. | . | Fireweed | Asteraceae | Erechtites hieraciifolius | (L.) Raf. ex DC. | var. hieraciifolius | Marshes, shores, moist ditches. | Frequent to common in S 1/2 of state. Rare in NC. | NC, EC, C, WC, SE, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Erigeron annuus | (L.) Pers. | . | Annual fleabane | Asteraceae | Erigeron annuus | (L.) Pers. | . | Roadsides. Pastures. Upland openings. | Common throughout. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Erigeron philadelphicus | L. | . | Fleabane | Asteraceae | Erigeron philadelphicus | L. | var. philadelphicus | Moist woods and shores. Moist, sandy areas. | Common in NC. Frequent elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Erigeron pulchellus | Michx. | . | Robin's plantain | Asteraceae | Erigeron pulchellus | Michx. | var. pulchellus | Open woods. | Common in Paleozoic Plateau. Rare elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Erigeron strigosus | Muhl. ex Willd. | . | Daisy fleabane | Asteraceae | Erigeron strigosus | Muhl. ex Willd. | . | Open woods. Prairie remnants. Roadsides. | Comon throughout. | All | Yes | Yes | FNA includes 2 varieties in Iowa: var. strigosis & var. septentrionalis (Fern. & Wieg.) Fern. |
| Eupatorium altissimum | L. | . | Tall thoroughwort | Asteraceae | Eupatorium altissimum | L. | . | Lower portions of loess bluffs. Prairie remnants. Dry, open woods. | Frequent in S. Rare to infrequent in N. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Eupatorium maculatum | L. | . | Spotted Joe-pye-weed | Asteraceae | Eutrochium maculatum | (L.) Lamont | . | Fens. Open marshy places. | Common in Paleozoid Plateau. Frequent in Iowan Surface. Infrequent in NC & SC. | NE, NC,EC, C, SC | Yes | Yes | E & R includes 2 varieties in Iowa: var. maculatum & var. bruneri (Gray) Breitung. FNA includes same vars. in IA. |
| Eupatorium perfoliatum | L. | . | Boneset | Asteraceae | Eupatorium perfoliatum | L. | . | Edges of marshes. Fens. Prairie swales. Open alluvium. | Infrequent in SE. Frequent elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Eupatorium purpureum | L. | . | Purple Joe-pye-weed | Asteraceae | Eutrochium purpureum | (L.) Lamont | . | Moist woods. | Frequent to common throughout. | All | Yes | Yes | FNA includes 2 varieties in Iowa: var. purpureum & var. holzingeri (Rydb.) Lamont. |
| Eupatorium rugosum | Houtt. | . | White snakeroot | Asteraceae | Ageratina altissima | (L.) King & Robinson | var. altissima | Woodlands. | Common throughout the state. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Eupatorium serotinum | Michx. | . | Late boneset | Asteraceae | Eupatorium serotinum | Michx. | . | Moist open woods. Alluvium. | Frequent in SE. Rare in SW. | SE, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Eupatorium sessilifolium | L. | var. brittonianum Porter | Upland boneset | Asteraceae | Eupatorium sessilifolium | L. | . | Dry, wooded slopes. | Rare in NE [Allamakee, Clayton, & Fayette (1926) Counties]. Rare in EC [Jones County (1948)]. | NE, EC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Euthamia graminifolia | (L.) Nutt. ex. Cass. | . | . | Asteraceae | Euthamia graminifolia | (L.) Nutt. | . | Low, moist prairies. Sandy, open places. Fens. | Rare in extreme W. Absent from NE. Frequent to infrequent elsewhere. | NC, NW, EC, C, WC, SE, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Gaillardia pulchella | Foug. | . | Blanket flower, rose-ring gaillardia | Asteraceae | Gaillardia pulchella | Foug. | . | Disturbed prairies. | Rare in WC [Woodbury County]. Rare in NW [Emmet County (1954)]. | NW, WC | Yes | No | FNA does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| Galinsoga parviflora | Cav. | . | Peruvian daisy | Asteraceae | Galinsoga parviflora | Cav. | var. parviflora | Waste places. | Rare escapee from gardens. | All | No | No | . |
| Galinsoga quadriradiata | Ruiz & Pavon | . | Peruvian daisy | Asteraceae | Galinsoga quadriradiata | Ruiz & Pavon | . | Weed of waste places and cultivated soil [especially in urban areas]. | Frequent in SW. Infrequent in SE. Rare in NC. | NC, SE, SW | No | no | . |
| Gnaphalium obtusifolium | L. | . | Everlasting | Asteraceae | Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium | (L.) Hilliard & Burtt | . | Disturbed prairies. Grassy & sandy uplands. | Common in E 1/2 & SC. Rare in NC. | NE, NC, EC, C, SE, SC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Gnaphalium purpureum | L. | . | Early cudweed | Asteraceae | Gamochaeta purpurea | (L.) Cabrera | . | Railroad ballast. Disturbed lowlands. | Rare in SE [Lee County (1931)]. Rare in SC [Decatur & Warren Counties]. | SE, SC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Grindelia squarrosa | (Pursh) Dunal | . | Gum plant | Asteraceae | Grindelia squarrosa | (Pursh) Dunal | . | Loess bluffs. Disturbed, sandy soil. Dry prairies. | Frequent to common in W [especially in Loess Hills.]. Infrequent to rare elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Guitierrezia dracunculoides | (DC.) Blake | . | Broomweed | Asteraceae | Amphiachyris dracunculoides | (DC.) Nutt. | . | Pastures. | Rare in SW [Ringgold County]. | SW | Yes | No | . |
| Helenium amarum | (Raf.) H. Rock. | . | Bitterweed | Asteraceae | Helenium amarum | (Raf.) H. Rock. | . | Sandy fields. Waste ground. | Rare in EC [Jones County]. | EC | Yes | Yes | FNA does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| Helenium autumnale | L. | . | Sneezeweed | Asteraceae | Helenium autumnale | L. | . | Marshes. Moist prairies. Fens. Sedge meadows. | Frequent to common throughout. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Helianthus annuus | L. | . | Common sunflower | Asteraceae | Helianthus annuus | L. | . | Roadsides. Fields. Along railroads. Disturbed, open ground. | Common in W 1/2. Frequent in E 1/2. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Helianthus decapetalus | L. | . | Pale sunflower | Asteraceae | Helianthus decapetalus | L. | . | Moist, upland woods. Wooded slopes. | Infrequent to rare in NE 1/4 & S 1/2 of state. | NE, NC, EC, C, WC, SE, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Helianthus divaricatus | L. | . | Woodland sunflower | Asteraceae | Helianthus divaricatus | L. | . | Dry, open woods. | Rare in extreme E. | NE, EC, SE | Yes | Yes | . |
| Helianthus giganteus | L. | . | Tall sunflower | Asteraceae | Helianthus giganteus | L. | . | Moist prairies. Sandy pond margins. Low woods. | Rare in SE & SC. | SE, SC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Helianthus grosseserratus | Martens | . | Saw-tooth sunflower | Asteraceae | Helianthus grosseserratus | Martens | . | Moist, open ground. Road sides. Disturbed soil. Sandy prairie remnants. | Frequent to common throughout. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Helianthus hirsutus | Raf. | . | Bristly sunflower | Asteraceae | Helianthus hirsutus | Raf. | . | Open woods. Woodland margins. | Rare in NC, SE, & SW. | NC, SE, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Helianthus maximiliani | Schrader | . | Maximillian's sunflower | Asteraceae | Helianthus maximiliani | Schrader | . | Prairie remnants. Roadsides. Disturbed soil. | Common in NC. Infrequent in W. | NC, NW, WC, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Helianthus mollis | Lam. | . | . | Asteraceae | Helianthus mollis | Lam. | . | Dry prairies. Disturbed soil along railroads. | Rare in SE [Muscatine County (1896)]. Rare in SC [Decatur County]. | SE, SC | No | No | . |
| Helianthus occidentalis | Riddell | . | Western sunflower | Asteraceae | Helianthus occidentalis | Riddell | ssp. occidentalis | Dry prairies. Dry, open sand. | Common in Paleozoic Plateau. Infrequent in remainder of E. | NE, EC, SE | Yes | Yes | . |
| Helianthus petiolaris | Nutt. | . | Petioled sunflower | Asteraceae | Helianthus petiolaris | Nutt. | ssp. petiolaris | Dry, open, sandy soil. Roadsides. Disturbed ground. | Rare in SC & SW. Frequent in SE. | SE, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Helianthus rigidus | (Cass.) Desf. | . | Prairie sunflower | Asteraceae | Helianthus pauciflorus | Nutt. | . | Eilers & Roosa ssp. rididus: Sandy or dry upland prairies. Dry loess bluffs. Eilers & Roosa ssp. subrhomboideus (Rydb.) Heiser: same habitat. | Eilers & Roosa ssp. rididus: Common in W 1/2 and infrequent in E 1/2. Eilers & Roosa ssp. subrhomboideus (Rydb.) Heiser: Common W. Infrequent in E. | All | Yes | Yes | FNA lists 2 subspecies in Iowa: ssp. pauciflorus [= H. rigidus ssp. rigidus of E&R] & ssp. subrhomboideus (Rydb.) Spring & Schilling [= H. rigidus ssp. subrhomboideus (Rydb.) Heiser of E&R]. |
| Helianthus strumosus | L. | . | Pale-leaved sunflower | Asteraceae | Helianthus strumosus | L. | . | Open woods. Prairie remnants. Open, disturbed areas. | Rare in NW. Frequent elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Helianthus tuberosus | L. | . | Jerusalem artichoke | Asteraceae | Helianthus tuberosus | L. | . | Moist prairies. Roadsides. Disturbed areas. | Infrequent in N. Frequent to common in S. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Heliopsis helianthoides | (L.) Sweet | . | Ox-eye | Asteraceae | Heliopsis helianthoides | (L.) Sweet | var. scabra (Dunal) Fern. | Prairies. Roadsides. Loess bluffs. | Frequent to common throughout the state. | All | Yes | Yes | E&R include 2 varieties: var. helianthoides & var. scabra (Dunal) Fern. FNA includes only the single var. in Iowa. |
| Heterotheca villosa | (Pursh.) Shinners | . | . | Asteraceae | Heterotheca villosa | (Pursh.) Shinners | var. minor (Hooker) Semple | Sandy alluvium. | Rare in NW [Lyon County]. Rare in EC [Clinton & Jackson Counties]. | NW, EC | Yes | Yes | E&R include 4 varieties in Iowa: var. villosa, var. angustifolia (Rydb.) Harms, var. camporum (Greene) Wunderlin, var. hispida (Hooker) Harms. FNA lists only the single variety. |
| Hieracium aurantiacum | L. | . | King-devil | Asteraceae | Hieracium aurantiacum | L. | . | Fields, roadsides, & pastures. | Rare in NC [Mitchell County]. Rare in NE [Allamakee and Clayton (1935) Counties]. | NE, NC | No | No | . |
| Hieracium canadense | Michx. | . | Hawkweed | Asteraceae | Hieracium umbellatum | L.. | . | Dry, wooded hillsides. | Rare in N and in EC [Linn & Scott (late 1800s) Counties] and SE [Muscatine County] (sic). | NE, NC, NW, EC, SE | Yes | Yes | E&R includes 2 varieties in Iowa: var. canadense & var. fasciculatum (Pursh) Fern. |
| Hieracium longipilum | Torrey | . | Hawkweed | Asteraceae | Hieracium longipilum | Torrey ex Hooker | . | Dry prairies. Sandy soils. | Infrequent in Paleozoic Plateau. Rare in remainder of the E 1/2 of the state. | NE, NC, EC, C, SE, SC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Hieracium scabrum | Michx. | . | Rough hawkweed | Asteraceae | Hieracium scabrum | Michx. | . | Open, upland woods. Upland prairies. | Frequent in S and in Paleozoic Plateau. Rare to infrequent elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Hieracium umbellatum | L. | . | . | Asteraceae | Hieracium umbellatum | L. | . | Prairie remnants. Open, upland woods. | Common in Paleozoic Plateau. Infrequent in remainder of N. Rare in SE. | NE, NC, NW, SE | Yes | Yes | H. candense Michx. of E&R is included w/in H. umbellatum of FNA. |
| Inula helenium | L. | . | Elecampane | Asteraceae | Inula helenium | L. | . | Open woods. | Rare in E [Johnson, Muscatine, & Winneshiek Counties]. | NE, EC, SE | Yes | Yes | . |
| Iva annua | L. | . | Sumpweed | Asteraceae | Iva annua | L. | . | Moist sand. | Rare in SE [Des Moines & Jefferson (1935) Counties]. Rare in SW [Pottawattamie County (1898)]. | SE, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Iva xanthifolia | Nutt. | . | Marsh elder | Asteraceae | Cyclachaena xanthiifolia | (Nutt.) Fresenius | . | Disturbed prairies. Moist waste places. | Frequent to infrequent in W 1/2 & NC. Rare in SE [Muscatine County (1892)]. | NC, NW, C, WC, SE, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Krigia biflora | (Walter) Blake | . | False dandelion | Asteraceae | Krigia biflora | (Walter) Blake | . | Prairie remnants. Openings in woods. | Rare in N. Frequent in E. | NE, NC, NW, EC, SE | Yes | Yes | . |
| Krigia dandelion | (L.) Nutt. | . | . | Asteraceae | Krigia dandelion | (L.) Nutt. | . | Moist, open, sandy areas. | Rare in SW [Union County]. | SW | Yes | No | FNA does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| Krigia virginica | (L.) Willd. | . | Dwarf dandelion | Asteraceae | Krigia virginica | (L.) Willd. | . | Sandy plains or dunes. | Rare in EC [Clinton & Jackson Counties]. Rare in SE [Des Moines, Louisa, & Muscatine Counties]. | EC, SE | Yes | Yes | . |
| Lactuca biennis | (Moench) Fern. | . | Tall blue lettuce | Asteraceae | Lactuca biennis | (Moench) Fern. | . | Roadsides. Disturbed ground. | Common in lakes area. Rare in NC, in NE [Winneshiek County], & in EC [Jones County]. | NE, NC, NW, EC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Lactuca canadensis | L. | . | Wild lettuce | Asteraceae | Lactuca canadensis | L. | . | Roadsides. Along railroads. Open, sandy areas. | Infrequent in NW. Common elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | E&R list 4 varieties: var. canadensis, var. longifolia (Michx.) Farw., var. obovata Wieg., var. latifolia Kuntze. FNA includes no vars. |
| Lactuca floridana | (L.) Gaertner | . | Blue lettuce | Asteraceae | Lactuca floridana | (L.) Gaertner | . | Moist woods and alluvium. Woodland margins. | Frequent to common in S 1/2 of state. Infrequent to rare in N 1/2. | All | Yes | Yes | E&R list 2 varieties: var. floridana & var. villosa (Jacq.) Cronq. FNA includes no vars. |
| Lactuca ludoviciana | (Nutt.) Riddell | . | Prairie lettuce | Asteraceae | Lactuca ludoviciana | (Nutt.) Riddell | . | Prairie remnants. Open, wooded bluffs. | Infrequent to frequent in W 1/2. Rare or absent in E 1/2 of state. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Lactuca saligna | L. | . | . | Asteraceae | Lactuca saligna | L. | . | Disturbed habitats. | Rare in SW [Page County]. | SW | No | No | . |
| Lactuca serriola | L. | . | Prickly lettuce | Asteraceae | Lactuca serriola | L. | . | Weed of waste ground and disturbed places. | Common in SW 2/3 of state. Infrequent to rare elsewhere. | All | No | No | . |
| Lactuca tatarica | (L.) C.A. Meyer | ssp. pulchella (Pursh) Stebbins | . | Asteraceae | Mulgedium pulchellum | (Pursh) G. Don | . | Loess bluffs. Roadsides. Sandy shores. | Common in W. Frequent to infrequent in NC and SC. | NC, NW, C, WC, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Leontodon autumnalis | L. | . | Fall dandelion | Asteraceae | Leontodon autumnalis | L. | . | Open, disturbed sites. | Rare in SW [Page County]. | SW | No | No | . |
| Leucanthemum vulgare | Lam. | . | Ox-eye daisy | Asteraceae | Leucanthemum vulgare | Lam. | . | Roadsides. Along railroads. Pastures. Rocky alluvium. | Frequent to common in SW, SC, & in Paleozoic Plateau. Infrequent to rare in the remainder of the NE and in SE. | NE, EC, SE, SC, SW | No | No | . |
| Liatris aspera | Michx. | . | Blazing star | Asteraceae | Liatris aspera | Michx. | . | Prairie remnants. | Common in E 2/3 of state. Infrequent elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Liatris cylindracea | Michx. | . | Blazing star | Asteraceae | Liatris cylindracea | Michx. | . | Dry, rocky or sandy prairies. | Rare in NE 1/3 of state. Frequent in Paleozoic Plateau. | NE, NC, EC, C | Yes | Yes | . |
| Liatris ligulistylis | (A. Nelson) K. Schum. | . | Blazing star | Asteraceae | Liatris ligulistylis | (A. Nelson) K. Schum. | . | Prairies. Roadsides. Along railroads. | Rare in NC & NE. | NE, NC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Liatris punctata | Hooker | . | Blazing star | Asteraceae | Liatris punctata | Hooker | var. punctata | Loess bluffs. Prairies. Gravel hills. | Frequent to common in NW. Infrequent in rest of W 1/2. | NC, NW, C, WC, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Liatris pycnostachya | Michx. | . | Prairie blazing star | Asteraceae | Liatris pycnostachya | Michx. | var. pycnostachya | Moist prairies. Roadsides. Along railroads. | Rare of infrequent in extreme W. Frequent to common elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Liatris squarrosa | (L.) Michx. | . | Blazing star | Asteraceae | Liatris squarrosa | (L.) Michx. | var. glabrata (Rydb.) Gaiser | Prairies. Woodland openings. | Infrequent in W 1/2. Rare in SE. | NC, NW, C, WC, SE, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | E&R list 3 varieties of L. squarrosa in Iowa: var. squarrosa, var. hirsuta (Rydb.) Gaiser, var. glabrata (Rydb.) Gaiser. FNA includes only var. glabrata in Iowa. Additionally, FNA elevates L. squarrosa var. hirsuta of E&R to L. hirsuta Rydb. |
| Liatris squarrosa | (L.) Michx. | var. hirsuta (Rydb.) Gaiser | Blazing star | Asteraceae | Liatris hirsuta | Rydb. | . | Prairies. Woodland openings. | Infrequent in W 1/2. Rare in SE. | NC, NW, C, WC, SE, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | E&R list 3 varieties of L. squarrosa in Iowa: var. squarrosa, var. hirsuta (Rydb.) Gaiser, var. glabrata (Rydb.) Gaiser. FNA includes only var. glabrata in Iowa. Additionally, FNA elevates L. squarrosa var. hirsuta of E&R to L. hirsuta Rydb. |
| Lygodesmia juncea | (Pursh) D. Don | . | Skeletonweed | Asteraceae | Lygodesmia juncea | (Pursh) D. Don ex Hooker | . | Open, disturbed soil of loess bluffs. Dry, gravelly prairies. | Common in Loess Hills. Frequent to infrequent elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Lygodesmia rostrata | Gray | . | Annual skeletonweed | Asteraceae | Shinneroseris rostrata | (Gray) Tomb | . | Sandy plains. | Rare in WC [Harrison County]. Rare in NW [Plymouth County (1927)]. | NW, WC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Machaeranthera spinulosa | Greene | . | . | Asteraceae | Xanthisma spinulosum | (Pursh) Morgan & Hartman | . | Loess bluffs. Gravel hills. Dry prairies. | Common in SW. Frequent in WC & NW. | NW, WC, SW | Yes | Yes | FNA includes 2 varieties in Iowa: var. spinulosum & var. glaberrimum (Rydb.) Morgan & Hartman. |
| Madia sativa | Molina | var. congesta T&G | Tarweed | Asteraceae | Madia sativa | Molina | . | Open, dry, sandy soils. | Rare waif from western plains in NW [Emmet County] and SC [Mahaska County (1930s)]. | NW, SC | Yes | No | FNA does not include this plant in Iowa. |
| Matricaria chamomilla | L. | . | Wild chamomile | Asteraceae | Matricaria chamomilla | L. | . | Dry, disturbed soil | Rare in EC [Johnson (1927) & Scott Counties]. Rare in SE [Muscatine County (1895)]. | EC, SE | No | No | . |
| Matricaria maritima | L. | . | . | Asteraceae | Tripleurospermum inodorum | (L.) Schultz-Bipontinus | . | Disturbed alluvium. | Rare in SE [Muscatine County (1925)]. | SE | No | No | FNA does not include Tripleurospermum maritimum (L.) W. D. J. Koch [Maricaria maritima L.] in Iowa. FNA includes in Iowa: Tripleurospermum inodorum (Linnaeus) Schultz-Bipontinus [= M. maritima subsp. inodora (Linnaeus) So�; M. maritima var. inodora (Lin |
| Matricaria matricarioides | (Less.) Porter | . | Pineapple weed | Asteraceae | Matricaria discoidea | DC. | . | Roadsides, paths, pastures, & other disturbed habitats. | Frequent to common in NE 2/3 of state. Infrequent in W. | All | No | No | . |
| Megalodonta beckii | (Torrey ex Sprengel) Greene | . | Water marigold | Asteraceae | Bidens beckii | Torrey ex Sprengel | . | Shallow, clear water of lakes. | Rare in NW [Dickinson County]. Rare in NC [Cerro Gordo County (1901)]. | NC, NW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Nothocalais cuspidata | (Pursh) Greene | . | Prairie dandelion | Asteraceae | Nothocalais cuspidata | (Pursh) Greene | . | Dry prairies. Gravel hills. Loess bluffs. | Frequent in NW and NC. Infrequent in WC and SW. | NC, NW, WC, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Onopordum acanthium | L. | . | Scotch thistle | Asteraceae | Onopordum acanthium | L. | ssp. acanthium | Disturbed ground. | Rare in C [Hardin County (1939)]. Rare in NE [Fayette County (1929)]. | NE, C | No | No | . |
| Parthenium integrifolium | L. | . | Feverfew, wild quinine | Asteraceae | Parthenium integrifolium | L. | . | Prairies. | Infrequent to rare in E 1/2 of state. | NE, NC, WC, C, SE, SC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Picris echiodes | L. | . | Ox-tongue | Asteraceae | Helminthotheca echiodes | (L.) Holub | . | Fields, roadsides, waste ground. | Rare in SC [Clarke County (1924)]. | SC | No | No | . |
| Polymnia canadensis | L. | . | Leafcup | Asteraceae | Polymnia canadensis | L. | . | Moist alluvial woods. Wooded slopes. Algific talus slopes. | Frequent in extreme E. Infrequent to rare in remainder of E 1/2 of state. | NE, NC, EC, C, SE, SC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Prenanthes alba | L. | . | Rattlesnake-root, white lettuce | Asteraceae | Prenanthes alba | L. | . | Moist woods. Prairie remnants. Roadsides. | Frequent to common throughout most of state. Not reported from NW. | NE, NC, EC, C, WC, SE, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Prenanthes aspera | Michx. | . | Rough white lettuce | Asteraceae | Prenanthes aspera | Michx. | . | Prairies. | Frequent to infrequent in W. Rare elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Prenanthes racemosa | Michx. | . | Glaucous white lettuce | Asteraceae | Prenanthes racemosa | Michx. | . | Prairies. | Frequent to common in NC and in lakes area. Infrequent elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | E&R include 2 subspecies: ssp. racemosa & ssp. multiflora Cronq. FNA includes no vars. |
| Prionopsis ciliata | Nutt. | . | . | Asteraceae | Grindelia ciliata | (Nutt.) Sprengel | . | Dry, sandy priaire along railroads. | Rare in C [Hardin County] & rare in SE [Muscatine County]. | SE, C | Yes | No | . |
| Pyrrhopappus carolinianus | (Walter) DC. | . | False dandelion | Asteraceae | Pyrrhopappus carolinianus | (Walter) DC. | . | Dry woods. Prairies. | Rare in EC [Scott County], SE [Jefferson County (1934)], & SW [Page County]. | EC, SE, SW | Yes | No | FNA does not list this plant as being present in Iowa. |
| Ratibida columnifera | (Nutt.) Wooton & Standley | . | Long-headed coneflower | Asteraceae | Ratibida columnifera | (Nutt.) Wooton & Standley | . | Dry prairies. Loess bluffs. Sandy areas. | Common in NW. Rare in remainder of W 1/2 of state. | NC, NW, C, WC, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Ratibida pinnata | (Vent.) Barnh. | . | Gray-headed coneflower | Asteraceae | Ratibida pinnata | (Vent.) Barnh. | . | Prairie remnants. Loess bluffs. Roadsides. | Frequent to common throughout most of the state. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Rudbeckia hirta | L. | . | Black-eyed Susan | Asteraceae | Rudbeckia hirta | L. | var. pulcherrima Farw. | Prairie remnants. Roadsides. | Common throughout most of the state. | All | Yes | Yes | E&R include 2 varieties in Iowa: var. hirta & var. pulcherrima Farw. FNA includes only the latter var. |
| Rudbeckia laciniata | L. | . | Tall coneflower | Asteraceae | Rudbeckia laciniata | L. | var. laciniata | Alluvial woods. | Common in NC and in Paleozoic Plateau. Frequent to infrequent elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Rudbeckia subtomentosa | Pursh | . | Fragrant coneflower | Asteraceae | Rudbeckia subtomentosa | Pursh | . | Moist prairies. Open grasslands. | Apparently absent from WC & NW. Rare to infrequent elsewhere. | NE, NC, EC, C, SE, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Rudbeckia triloba | L. | . | Brown-eyed Susan | Asteraceae | Rudbeckia triloba | L. | . | Alluvial or moist woods. | Frequent to common in E 2/3 of state. Infrequent in SW. | NE, NC, EC, C, SE, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | FNA includes 2 varieties from Iowa: var. triloba & var. rupestris (Chickering) A. Gray |
| Senecio aureus | L. | . | Golden ragwort | Asteraceae | Packera aurea | (L.) Love & Love | . | Moist prairies. Woodland openings. | Frequent in NC & in Paleozoic Plateau. Rare elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Senecio congestus | (R. Br.) DC. | . | Marsh fleabane | Asteraceae | Tephroseris palustris | (L.) Reichenbach | . | Prairie swales. | Rare in NC, NE, and in lakes area. | NE, NC, NW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Senecio glabellus | Poiret | . | Butterweed | Asteraceae | Packera glabella | (Poiret) Jeffrey | . | Moist woods. Moist, shaded ground along streams. | Rare in SW [Fremont County]. | SW | Yes | No | . |
| Senecio integerrimus | Nutt. | . | . | Asteraceae | Senecio integerrimus | Nutt. | var. integerrimus | Moist prairies. Open woods. Shores. Algific talus slopes. | Rare in NC and in lakes area. | NC, NW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Senecio pauperculus | Michx. | . | Prairie ragwort | Asteraceae | Packera paupercula | (Michx.) Love & Love | . | Moist prairies. | Frequent in NC & SE. Rare in NE. | NE, NC, SE | Yes | Yes | . |
| Senecio plattensis | Nutt. | . | Prairie ragwort | Asteraceae | Packera plattensis | (Nutt.) Weber & Love | . | Prairies. Woodland openings. | Infrequent in SW. Frequent to common elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Senecio pseudaureus | Rydb. | var. semicordatus (Mack. & Bush) T. Barkley | . | Asteraceae | Packera pseudaurea | (Rydb.) Weber & Love | var. semicordatus (Mack. & Bush) Trock & T. Barkley | Edges of moist, wooded slopes. Loess Hills. | Rare in C [Story County], WC -[Monona County], and N [ Clay (1936), Dickinson (1949), Emmet (1882), Hancock, & Winneshiek Counties]. | NE, NC, NW, C, WC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Senecio vulgaris | L. | . | Common groundsel | Asteraceae | Senecio vulgaris | L. | . | Moist disturbed soil. | Rare in C [Boone County]. | C | No | No | . |
| Silphium integrifolium | Michx. | . | Rosinweed | Asteraceae | Silphium integrifolium | Michx. | . | Prairie remnants. Old pastures. Open, sandy soil. | Frequent to common S 1/2 of state. Infrequent to rare in NE 1/4. | NE, NC, EC, C, WC, SE, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | FNA includes 2 varieties in Iowa: var. integrifolium & var. laeve Torrey & A. Gray |
| Silphium laciniatum | L. | . | Compass plant | Asteraceae | Silphium laciniatum | L. | . | Prairie remnants. Roadsides. Along railroads. | Common in W 1/2 of state. Frequent to infrequent in E 1/2 of state. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Silphium perfoliatum | L. | . | Cup plant | Asteraceae | Silphium perfoliatum | L. | var. perfoliatum | Moist alluvial woods & woodland edges. Prairie swales. Roadsides. | Frequent to common throughout most of the state. Infrequent in NW. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Silphium terebinthinaceum | Jacq. | . | Prairie dock | Asteraceae | Silphium terebinthinaceum | Jacq | var. terebinthinaceum | Prairies. Along railroads. | Rare in NE [Dubuque County] & in EC [Jackson County]. | NE, EC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Solidago canadensis | L. | . | Tall goldenrod | Asteraceae | Solidago canadensis | L. | var. hargeri Fern. | Roadsides. Disturbed prairies. Open woods. | Frequent to common throughout the state. | All | Yes | Yes | E&R list 4 varieties in Iowa: var. canadensis, var. gilvocanescens Rydb., var. hargeri Fern., var scabra (Muhl.) T&G. FNA lists only var. hargeri Fern. in Iowa. FNA segregates var. gilvocanescens Rydb. as S. altissima ssp. gilvocanescens (Rydb.) Semple |
| Solidago flexicaulis | L. | . | Zig-zag goldenrod | Asteraceae | Solidago flexicaulis | L. | . | Moist woods and wooded slopes. | Not reported from NW. Infrequent in Iowan Surface. Frequent to common elsewhere. | NE, NC, EC, C, WC, SE, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Solidago gigantea | Aiton | . | Smooth goldenrod | Asteraceae | Solidago gigantea | Aiton | . | Woodland borders. Roadsides. Loess bluffs. Moist, open habitats. | Frequent to common throughout. | All | Yes | Yes | E&R includes 2 varieties: var. gigantea & var. serotina (Kuntze) Cronq. FNA does not split the taxon into subspecific categories. |
| Solidago hispida | Muhl. ex Willd. | . | . | Asteraceae | Solidago hispida | Muhl. ex Willd. | . | Dry, rocky woods. | Rare in the Paleozoic Plateau & the extreme E. | NE, EC, SE | Yes | Yes | . |
| Solidago missouriensis | Nutt. | . | Missouri goldenrod | Asteraceae | Solidago missouriensis | Nutt. | . | Upland prairie remnants. Loess bluffs. | Common in W 2/3 of state. Infrequent to rare in E. | All | Yes | Yes | E&R include 2 varieties in Iowa: var. missouriensis & var. fasciculata Holz. FNA does not split the taxon into subspecific categories. FNA does NOT include this taxon in Iowa. |
| Solidago nemoralis | Aiton | . | Field goldenrod | Asteraceae | Solidago nemoralis | Aiton | . | Open woods. Fields. Prairie remnants. | Frequent to common throughout most of the state. Infrequent in NW. | All | Yes | Yes | E&R include 2 varieties: var. nemoralis & var. longipetiolata (Mack. & Bush) Palmer & Steyermark. FNA includes the 1st E&R var. as ssp. nemoralis and the 2nd E&R var. as ssp. decemflora (DC) Brammall ex Semple |
| Solidago patula | Muhl. ex Willd. | . | . | Asteraceae | Solidago patula | Muhl. ex Willd. | ssp. patula | Wooded, sandy soil. Fens. | Rare in SE [Muscatine County]. | SE | Yes | Yes | . |
| Solidago ptarmicoides | (Nees) Boivin | . | . | Asteraceae | Solidago ptarmicoides | (T&G) Boivin | . | Often sandy or rocky, dry prairies. | Absent in SC. Infrequent to rare elsewhere. | NE, NC, NW, EC, C, WC, SE, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Solidago riddellii | Frank ex Riddell | . | Riddell's goldenrod | Asteraceae | Solidago riddellii | Frank ex Riddell | . | Marshes. Moist calcareous prairies. Sedge meadows. Fens. | Frequent in NC and in lakes area. Rare in NE & in SE [Muscatine County (1895)]. | NE, NC, NW, SE. | Yes | Yes | FNA does not include this taxon in Iowa. |
| Solidago rigida | L. | . | Stiff goldenrod | Asteraceae | Solidago rigida | L. | . | Prairies. Loess bluffs. | Infrequent in SE. Frequent to common elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | E&R includes 2 varieties: var. rigida & var. humilis Porter. FNA lists 2 subspecies: ssp. rigida & ssp. humilis (Porter) Heard & Semple. |
| Solidago sciaphila | Steele | . | Cliff goldenrod | Asteraceae | Solidago sciaphila | Steele | . | Algific talus slopes. Rock cliffs. Ledges. | Frequent to common in Paleozoic Plateau. Rare in EC [Jackson & Clinton Counties]. | NE, EC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Solidago speciosa | Nutt. | . | Showy goldenrod | Asteraceae | Solidago speciosa | Nutt. | ssp. speciosa | Prairies. Open woods. Loess bluffs. | Common in NC. Rare in SE. Frequent to infrequent elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | E&R includes 3 varieties: var. speciosa, var. jejunifolia (Steele) Cronq., var. rigidiuscula T&G. FNA lists S. speciosa ssp. speciosa var. speciosa [= var. jejunifolia (Steele) Cronq. of E&R] & S. speciosa ssp. speciosa var. rigidiuscula T&G in Iowa. |
| Solidago uliginoisa | Nutt. | . | Swamp goldenrod | Asteraceae | Solidago uliginoisa | Nutt. | . | Fens. | Rare in NE [Allamakee County]. | NE | Yes | Yes | FNA does not include this taxon in Iowa. |
| Solidago ulmifolia | Muhl. ex Willd. | . | Elm-leaved goldenrod | Asteraceae | Solidago ulmifolia | Muhl. ex Willd. | var. ulmifolia | Open, upland woods. | Rare in NW. Common elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Sonchus arvensis | L. | . | Perennial sow thistle | Asteraceae | Sonchus arvensis | L. | . | Roadsides. Disturbed soil. | Rare in E 1/4 of state. Infrequent elsewhere. | All | No | No | E&R includes 2 ssp: ssp. arvensis & ssp. uliginosis (Bieb.) Nyman. FNA includes the same ssp. |
| Sonchus asper | (L.) Hill | . | Spiny-leaved sow thistle | Asteraceae | Sonchus asper | (L.) Hill | . | Waste places. Roadsides. Fields. Disturbed soil | Infrequent to rare in E 1/4 of state. Frequent to common elsewhere. | All | No | No | . |
| Sonchus oleraceus | L. | . | Common sow thistle | Asteraceae | Sonchus oleraceus | L. | . | Waste places. Fields. Woodland borders. | Frequent in S 1/2, NC, & in lakes area. Rare in extreme E. | All | Yes | Yes | . |
| Tanacetum vulgare | L. | . | Tansy | Asteraceae | Tanacetum vulgare | L. | . | Roadsides. Pastures. Waste places. | Rare escapee from cultivation. | All | No | No | . |
| Taraxacum laevigatum | (Willd.) DC. | . | Red-seeded dandelion | Asteraceae | Taraxacum erythrospermum | Andrz. ex Besser | . | Weed of lawns. Alluvial woodslands. Disturbed prairie. | Infrequent to frequent throughout. | All | No | No | . |
| Taraxacum officinale | Weber | . | Common dandelion | Asteraceae | Taraxacum officinale | Wiggers | . | Weed of lawns. Fields. Roadsides. Other disturbed habitats. | Common throughout. | All | No | No | . |
| Tragopogon dubius | Scop. | . | Goat's-beard | Asteraceae | Tragopogon dubius | Scop. | . | Roadsides. Along railroads. Pastures. Disturbed prairies. | Infrequent in NE. Common elsewhere. | All | No | No | E&R includes 2 subspecies in Iowa: ssp. dubius & ssp. major (Jacq.) Voll. FNA does not include any subspecific categories. |
| Tragopogon porrifolius | L. | . | Salsify, oyster plant | Asteraceae | Tragopogon porrifolius | L. | . | Roadsides. Along railroads. Other disturbed habitats. | Rare in NC & SE. | NC, SE | No | No | . |
| Tragopogon pratensis | L. | . | Goat's-beard | Asteraceae | Tragopogon pratensis | L. | . | Disturbed woods. Roadsides. Waste places. | Rare in NW and NE. Infrequent elsewhere in the state. | All | No | No | . |
| Verbesina alternifolia | (L.) Britton | . | Wingstem | Asteraceae | Verbesina alternifolia | (L.) Britton ex Kearney | . | Alluvial woods. | Common in SC. Frequent in SE. Rare in NC. | NC, SE, SC | Yes | Yes | . |
| Verbesina encelioides | (Cav.) Bentham & Hooker f. ex Gray | ssp. exauriculata (B.L. Robinson & Greenman) Coleman | . | Asteraceae | Verbesina encelioides | (Cav.) Bentham & Hooker f. ex A. Gray | . | Disturbed habitats. | Rare in C [Story County (1934)], WC [Harrison County (1942), & NW [Emmet (1934) & Palo Alto (1934) Counties]. | NW, C, WC | No | No | . |
| Vernonia baldwinii | Torrey | . | Baldwin's ironweed | Asteraceae | Vernonia baldwinii | Torrey | . | Prairie remnants. Open woods. Pastures. | Frequent to common in S 1/2 of the state. Rare in NC section. | NC, EC, C, WC, SE, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | E&R lists 2 varieties: var. baldwinii & var. interior (Small) Schub. FNA lists no subspecific categories. |
| Vernonia fasciculata | Michx. | . | Ironweed | Asteraceae | Vernonia fasciculata | Michx. | . | Moist prairies. Roadsides. Other open, moist habitats. | Infrequent in NW and SC. Frequent to common elsewhere. | All | Yes | Yes | E&R includes 2 subspecies: ssp. fasciculata & ssp. corymbosa (Schwein. ex Keating) S. B . Jones. FNA includes no subspecific categories. |
| Vernonia gigantea | (Walter) Trel. ex Branner & Cov. | . | Tall Ironweed | Asteraceae | Vernonia gigantea | (Walter) Branner & Cov. | . | Low woods. Open ground. | Frequent to infrequent in SW 1/4. | C, WC, SC, SW | Yes | Yes | . |
| Vernonia missurica | Raf. | . | Missouri ironweed | Asteraceae | Vernonia missurica | Raf. | . | Prairie remnants. Open, grazed woods. Pastures. | Frequent in SE. Rare in NW. | NW, SE | Yes | Yes | . |
| Xanthium spinosum | L. | . | Spiny cocklebur | Asteraceae | Xanthium spinosum | L. | . | Fields. Disturbed soil. | Rare in C: [Dallas & Story counties]. | C | No | No | . |
| Xanthium strumarium | L. | . | Cocklebur | Asteraceae | Xanthium strumarium | L. | . | Roadsides. Fields. Pastures. Other disturbed habitats. | Frequent to common throughout. | All | No | No | E&R includes 3 varieties: var. strumarium, var. canadensis (P. Miller) T&G, var. glabratum (DC.) Cronq. FNA includes no subspecific categories. |